Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance

Semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications due to their inexpensiveness and good chemical stability. Nevertheless, their low enhancement ability compared to noble metals makes it desirable to explore strategies for improving SERS per...

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Main Authors: Xunfei He, Yinyan Gong, Lengyuan Niu, Can Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/521
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author Xunfei He
Yinyan Gong
Lengyuan Niu
Can Li
author_facet Xunfei He
Yinyan Gong
Lengyuan Niu
Can Li
author_sort Xunfei He
collection DOAJ
description Semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications due to their inexpensiveness and good chemical stability. Nevertheless, their low enhancement ability compared to noble metals makes it desirable to explore strategies for improving SERS performance. Since charge transfer (CT) between semiconductors and analytes plays a crucial role on the chemical enhancement mechanism of SERS, heterojunction engineering, a powerful method to boost optoelectronic performance via tailoring interfacial charge transfer, provides a promising approach. Here, we prepared defect-rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites via a facile solvothermal method to achieve dual-functional enhancement in SERS and photocatalytic activity. Due to suppressed recombination of charge carriers in WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction with type II band alignment, more photogenerated carriers are available for CT, consequently increasing molecular polarizability. The SERS intensity of WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> is at least three times that of its component semiconductors, with a detection limit of 10<sup>−10</sup> M for methyl orange (MO). Meanwhile, the suppressed recombination of charge carriers also results in higher degradation efficiency of WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction (93%) than WO<sub>3-x</sub> (47%) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (54%) under visible-light irradiation for 120 min. This work provides insightful information on the development of dual-functional semiconductor systems through band structure engineering for ultrasensitive sensing and efficient remediation of environmental pollutants.
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spelling doaj-art-4cd2c729a9ad44feab04e273a2c4a35b2025-08-20T03:03:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-03-0115752110.3390/nano15070521Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic PerformanceXunfei He0Yinyan Gong1Lengyuan Niu2Can Li3Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, ChinaSemiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications due to their inexpensiveness and good chemical stability. Nevertheless, their low enhancement ability compared to noble metals makes it desirable to explore strategies for improving SERS performance. Since charge transfer (CT) between semiconductors and analytes plays a crucial role on the chemical enhancement mechanism of SERS, heterojunction engineering, a powerful method to boost optoelectronic performance via tailoring interfacial charge transfer, provides a promising approach. Here, we prepared defect-rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites via a facile solvothermal method to achieve dual-functional enhancement in SERS and photocatalytic activity. Due to suppressed recombination of charge carriers in WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction with type II band alignment, more photogenerated carriers are available for CT, consequently increasing molecular polarizability. The SERS intensity of WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> is at least three times that of its component semiconductors, with a detection limit of 10<sup>−10</sup> M for methyl orange (MO). Meanwhile, the suppressed recombination of charge carriers also results in higher degradation efficiency of WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction (93%) than WO<sub>3-x</sub> (47%) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (54%) under visible-light irradiation for 120 min. This work provides insightful information on the development of dual-functional semiconductor systems through band structure engineering for ultrasensitive sensing and efficient remediation of environmental pollutants.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/521surface-enhanced Raman scatteringphotocatalysisheterojunctionWO<sub>3-x</sub>TiO<sub>2</sub>
spellingShingle Xunfei He
Yinyan Gong
Lengyuan Niu
Can Li
Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
Nanomaterials
surface-enhanced Raman scattering
photocatalysis
heterojunction
WO<sub>3-x</sub>
TiO<sub>2</sub>
title Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
title_full Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
title_fullStr Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
title_full_unstemmed Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
title_short Development of Defect-Rich WO<sub>3-x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Toward Dual-Functional Enhancement: Boosting SERS and Photocatalytic Performance
title_sort development of defect rich wo sub 3 x sub tio sub 2 sub heterojunction toward dual functional enhancement boosting sers and photocatalytic performance
topic surface-enhanced Raman scattering
photocatalysis
heterojunction
WO<sub>3-x</sub>
TiO<sub>2</sub>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/521
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AT lengyuanniu developmentofdefectrichwosub3xsubtiosub2subheterojunctiontowarddualfunctionalenhancementboostingsersandphotocatalyticperformance
AT canli developmentofdefectrichwosub3xsubtiosub2subheterojunctiontowarddualfunctionalenhancementboostingsersandphotocatalyticperformance