First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant zoonotic pathogen capable of causing infections in both humans and animals. The bacterium's capacity to develop biofilms and resistance to many different antibiotics has raised significant concerns for public health. Furthermore, studies h...
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| Language: | English |
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Tripoli University
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=216021 |
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| author | Mohammed A. Al-Bukhalifa Hassan M. Al-Tameemi |
| author_facet | Mohammed A. Al-Bukhalifa Hassan M. Al-Tameemi |
| author_sort | Mohammed A. Al-Bukhalifa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant zoonotic pathogen capable of causing infections in both humans and animals. The bacterium's capacity to develop biofilms and resistance to many different antibiotics has raised significant concerns for public health. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that horizontal gene transfer enables the transfer of deleterious features between strains found in humans and animals, consequently rendering treatment and control efforts more challenging.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between human and animal isolates and biofilm-associated genes in local S. aureus strains using whole genome sequencing technique.
Methods:
We examined 111 suspected cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans and in animals and screened all S. aureus -positive isolates (11 isolates) for biofilm formation and antimicrobial profiles. Additionally, we sequenced and studied five S. aureus genomes isolated from humans, cows, sheep, cats, and dogs for significant biofilm-related genes and predicted their loci following annotation and deposition in the NCBI database.
Results:
The study showed that the isolates have genome sizes between 2.7 and 2.8 megabases, a GC content of 32.8–33.1%, and a coding sequence count between 2,718 to 2,838. The cow isolate (MHB) and cat isolate (MHF) exhibited substantial genomic similarities with human isolates of S. aureus (N315) and the type strain of S. aureus (DSM 20231). The genomes of the human isolate (MHH) and the dog isolate (MHC) were comparable to S. aureus (N315). The sheep isolate (MHO) showed lesser genomic similarity and was closely related to S. aureus subsp. anaerobius. The genomes were submitted to the NCBI database with the following accession numbers: MHB (GCA_040196135.1), MHH (GCA_040196155.1), MHO (GCA_040195495.1), MHF (GCA_040195555.1), and MHC (GCA_040195445.1). The isolates were categorized by PubMLST typing into MHC (ST-1156), MHB (ST-6), MHF (ST-6), and MHO (a unique ST). We identified the accession numbers, locations, and lengths of biofilm-associated genes and regulators within the studied genomes.
Conclusion:
The study is the first to conduct complete genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus in Iraq, allowing analysis of biofilm-associated genes in local isolates. It provides the first large-scale genomic investigation of genetic relationships among animal and human isolates in Iraq. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(12.000): 3269-3288] |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4cc9d3da494c4ecabdf7b9ba6003e980 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2226-4485 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cc9d3da494c4ecabdf7b9ba6003e9802025-08-20T03:09:13ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502024-12-0114123269328810.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.12216021First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genesMohammed A. Al-Bukhalifa0Hassan M. Al-Tameemi1Basrah University - Garmat Ali compound - College of Veterinary Medicine -Microbiology Department Basrah University - Garmat Ali compound - College of Veterinary Medicine -Microbiology DepartmentBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant zoonotic pathogen capable of causing infections in both humans and animals. The bacterium's capacity to develop biofilms and resistance to many different antibiotics has raised significant concerns for public health. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that horizontal gene transfer enables the transfer of deleterious features between strains found in humans and animals, consequently rendering treatment and control efforts more challenging. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between human and animal isolates and biofilm-associated genes in local S. aureus strains using whole genome sequencing technique. Methods: We examined 111 suspected cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans and in animals and screened all S. aureus -positive isolates (11 isolates) for biofilm formation and antimicrobial profiles. Additionally, we sequenced and studied five S. aureus genomes isolated from humans, cows, sheep, cats, and dogs for significant biofilm-related genes and predicted their loci following annotation and deposition in the NCBI database. Results: The study showed that the isolates have genome sizes between 2.7 and 2.8 megabases, a GC content of 32.8–33.1%, and a coding sequence count between 2,718 to 2,838. The cow isolate (MHB) and cat isolate (MHF) exhibited substantial genomic similarities with human isolates of S. aureus (N315) and the type strain of S. aureus (DSM 20231). The genomes of the human isolate (MHH) and the dog isolate (MHC) were comparable to S. aureus (N315). The sheep isolate (MHO) showed lesser genomic similarity and was closely related to S. aureus subsp. anaerobius. The genomes were submitted to the NCBI database with the following accession numbers: MHB (GCA_040196135.1), MHH (GCA_040196155.1), MHO (GCA_040195495.1), MHF (GCA_040195555.1), and MHC (GCA_040195445.1). The isolates were categorized by PubMLST typing into MHC (ST-1156), MHB (ST-6), MHF (ST-6), and MHO (a unique ST). We identified the accession numbers, locations, and lengths of biofilm-associated genes and regulators within the studied genomes. Conclusion: The study is the first to conduct complete genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus in Iraq, allowing analysis of biofilm-associated genes in local isolates. It provides the first large-scale genomic investigation of genetic relationships among animal and human isolates in Iraq. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(12.000): 3269-3288]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=216021biofilm formationstaphylococcus aureuswhole genome sequencingzoonotic diseases |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed A. Al-Bukhalifa Hassan M. Al-Tameemi First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes Open Veterinary Journal biofilm formation staphylococcus aureus whole genome sequencing zoonotic diseases |
| title | First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes |
| title_full | First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes |
| title_fullStr | First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes |
| title_short | First whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Iraq: Insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm-related genes |
| title_sort | first whole genome sequencing of staphylococcus aureus isolates from iraq insights into zoonotic relations and biofilm related genes |
| topic | biofilm formation staphylococcus aureus whole genome sequencing zoonotic diseases |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=216021 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammedaalbukhalifa firstwholegenomesequencingofstaphylococcusaureusisolatesfromiraqinsightsintozoonoticrelationsandbiofilmrelatedgenes AT hassanmaltameemi firstwholegenomesequencingofstaphylococcusaureusisolatesfromiraqinsightsintozoonoticrelationsandbiofilmrelatedgenes |