Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements
The sound horizon scale is a key theoretical prediction of the cosmological model that depends on the speed of sound in the baryon-photon fluid and the rate of expansion of the early Universe, before matter and radiation decoupled. Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) offer the direct measurement of...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8bab |
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| author | Tonghua Liu Xinyi Zhong Marek Biesiada Jieci Wang |
| author_facet | Tonghua Liu Xinyi Zhong Marek Biesiada Jieci Wang |
| author_sort | Tonghua Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sound horizon scale is a key theoretical prediction of the cosmological model that depends on the speed of sound in the baryon-photon fluid and the rate of expansion of the early Universe, before matter and radiation decoupled. Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) offer the direct measurement of this important scale imprinted in the distribution of galaxies. We propose a new model-independent method to calibrate the sound horizon ${r}_{s}^{h}$ (relative standard ruler) by using the latest observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and 2D BAO measurements. The final result is ${r}_{s}^{h}={107.10}_{-1.32}^{+1.36}$ Mpc h ^−1 in the framework of the Pantheon SN Ia data set. This result changes to ${r}_{s}^{h}={105.63}_{-1.31}^{+1.33}$ Mpc h ^−1 when the Pantheon+ data set is used. To highlight our analysis and results, we also use BAO DESI measurements and obtain the best-fitting value ${r}_{s}^{h}={100.83}_{-0.95}^{+0.99}$ Mpc h ^−1 . Note that even without an estimate of the dimensionless Hubble constant h , the combination of 2D BAO and SN Ia data sets already constrains the low-redshift standard ruler scale ${r}_{s}^{h}$ at the ∼1.26% level (at the ∼1.00% level in the framework of BAO DESI data set). More importantly, it is interesting to note that most of the ${r}_{s}^{h}$ obtained at high redshifts have systematically larger values: 9 out of 15 results are larger than the result obtained by combining all 2D BAOs. This finding may give us a better understanding of the discordance between the data sets, shed light on the Hubble tension, or reveal the need for new physics beyond the standard cosmological model. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cbbcf3765694f24a5af8b9650bd00962024-11-25T06:54:22ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01976220810.3847/1538-4357/ad8babModel-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation MeasurementsTonghua Liu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-8810Xinyi Zhong1Marek Biesiada2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-7304Jieci Wang3School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University , Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University , Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of ChinaNational Centre for Nuclear Research , Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland ; marek.biesiada@ncbj.gov.plDepartment of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China ; jcwang@hunnu.edu.cnThe sound horizon scale is a key theoretical prediction of the cosmological model that depends on the speed of sound in the baryon-photon fluid and the rate of expansion of the early Universe, before matter and radiation decoupled. Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) offer the direct measurement of this important scale imprinted in the distribution of galaxies. We propose a new model-independent method to calibrate the sound horizon ${r}_{s}^{h}$ (relative standard ruler) by using the latest observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and 2D BAO measurements. The final result is ${r}_{s}^{h}={107.10}_{-1.32}^{+1.36}$ Mpc h ^−1 in the framework of the Pantheon SN Ia data set. This result changes to ${r}_{s}^{h}={105.63}_{-1.31}^{+1.33}$ Mpc h ^−1 when the Pantheon+ data set is used. To highlight our analysis and results, we also use BAO DESI measurements and obtain the best-fitting value ${r}_{s}^{h}={100.83}_{-0.95}^{+0.99}$ Mpc h ^−1 . Note that even without an estimate of the dimensionless Hubble constant h , the combination of 2D BAO and SN Ia data sets already constrains the low-redshift standard ruler scale ${r}_{s}^{h}$ at the ∼1.26% level (at the ∼1.00% level in the framework of BAO DESI data set). More importantly, it is interesting to note that most of the ${r}_{s}^{h}$ obtained at high redshifts have systematically larger values: 9 out of 15 results are larger than the result obtained by combining all 2D BAOs. This finding may give us a better understanding of the discordance between the data sets, shed light on the Hubble tension, or reveal the need for new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8babCosmologyBaryon acoustic oscillationsGaussian Processes regression |
| spellingShingle | Tonghua Liu Xinyi Zhong Marek Biesiada Jieci Wang Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements The Astrophysical Journal Cosmology Baryon acoustic oscillations Gaussian Processes regression |
| title | Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements |
| title_full | Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements |
| title_short | Model-independent Calibration for Sound Horizon: Combining Observations of Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements |
| title_sort | model independent calibration for sound horizon combining observations of supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements |
| topic | Cosmology Baryon acoustic oscillations Gaussian Processes regression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8bab |
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