A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan
Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis in humans, accounting for numerous illnesses and thousands of fatalities globally. Data regarding the association of various risk factors and TB in livestock farmers in Pakistan is scarce. Methodology: A retrospective matc...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18296 |
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| author | Chanda Jabeen Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq Jawaria Ali Khan Gulshan Umbreen Muhammad Saqib Saeed Shakera Sadiq Rubab Maqsood Hamad Bin Rashid Muhammad Asif Khalid Iqbal Mamoona Chaudhry |
| author_facet | Chanda Jabeen Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq Jawaria Ali Khan Gulshan Umbreen Muhammad Saqib Saeed Shakera Sadiq Rubab Maqsood Hamad Bin Rashid Muhammad Asif Khalid Iqbal Mamoona Chaudhry |
| author_sort | Chanda Jabeen |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis in humans, accounting for numerous illnesses and thousands of fatalities globally. Data regarding the association of various risk factors and TB in livestock farmers in Pakistan is scarce.
Methodology: A retrospective matched case-control study of TB cases was performed in Lahore, Pakistan to investigate the potential risk factors that lead to the development of TB in Pakistani livestock farmers. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The case was matched with control based on neighborhood and the case-control ratio was kept 1:1. Data were statistically analyzed using R version 4.2.1. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to identify biologically and statistically plausible risk factors associated with the TB outcome among livestock farmers.
Results: In univariable analysis, 10 risk factors were identified (p < 0.05). Gender, age, being married, family type, living in a big family, BCG vaccination status, history of smoking, working at a cattle farm, co-housing with cattle at night, , consumption of raw milk. The multivariable model identified four risk factors i.e., consumption of raw milk (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.95-30.68), living in big family (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.25-30.82) and working at cattle farm (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.08-16.56), while gender was found to be a protective factor with OR < 1 (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.26).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sociodemographic risk factors and exposure to infected cattle can influence the development of TB in farmers.
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| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cb6f4d315b148dbaec8a1ca487618cb2025-08-20T02:27:07ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-08-01180810.3855/jidc.18296A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, PakistanChanda Jabeen0Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1Jawaria Ali Khan2Gulshan Umbreen3Muhammad Saqib Saeed4Shakera Sadiq5Rubab Maqsood6Hamad Bin Rashid7Muhammad Asif8Khalid Iqbal9Mamoona Chaudhry10Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanInstitute of TB and Chest Medicine, King Edward Medical University Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Veterinary Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanAdditional Director/Program Manager, Provincial TB Control Program, Punjab, PakistanInfectious Disease Hospital, Bilal Ganj Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis in humans, accounting for numerous illnesses and thousands of fatalities globally. Data regarding the association of various risk factors and TB in livestock farmers in Pakistan is scarce. Methodology: A retrospective matched case-control study of TB cases was performed in Lahore, Pakistan to investigate the potential risk factors that lead to the development of TB in Pakistani livestock farmers. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The case was matched with control based on neighborhood and the case-control ratio was kept 1:1. Data were statistically analyzed using R version 4.2.1. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to identify biologically and statistically plausible risk factors associated with the TB outcome among livestock farmers. Results: In univariable analysis, 10 risk factors were identified (p < 0.05). Gender, age, being married, family type, living in a big family, BCG vaccination status, history of smoking, working at a cattle farm, co-housing with cattle at night, , consumption of raw milk. The multivariable model identified four risk factors i.e., consumption of raw milk (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.95-30.68), living in big family (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.25-30.82) and working at cattle farm (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.08-16.56), while gender was found to be a protective factor with OR < 1 (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.26). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sociodemographic risk factors and exposure to infected cattle can influence the development of TB in farmers. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18296TB Risk factorsfarmersPakistancase-control study |
| spellingShingle | Chanda Jabeen Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq Jawaria Ali Khan Gulshan Umbreen Muhammad Saqib Saeed Shakera Sadiq Rubab Maqsood Hamad Bin Rashid Muhammad Asif Khalid Iqbal Mamoona Chaudhry A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan Journal of Infection in Developing Countries TB Risk factors farmers Pakistan case-control study |
| title | A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan |
| title_full | A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan |
| title_short | A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan |
| title_sort | retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in lahore district pakistan |
| topic | TB Risk factors farmers Pakistan case-control study |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18296 |
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