Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The achievement of primary stability in low-density bone represents a critical endpoint in clinical practice. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of different drilling osteotomy techniques on polyurethane bone substitutes i...

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Main Authors: Luca Comuzzi, Margherita Tumedei, Tea Romasco, Alessandro Cipollina, Giulia Marchioli, Adriano Piattelli, Natalia Di Pietro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Osteology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4036/5/2/17
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author Luca Comuzzi
Margherita Tumedei
Tea Romasco
Alessandro Cipollina
Giulia Marchioli
Adriano Piattelli
Natalia Di Pietro
author_facet Luca Comuzzi
Margherita Tumedei
Tea Romasco
Alessandro Cipollina
Giulia Marchioli
Adriano Piattelli
Natalia Di Pietro
author_sort Luca Comuzzi
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The achievement of primary stability in low-density bone represents a critical endpoint in clinical practice. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of different drilling osteotomy techniques on polyurethane bone substitutes in vitro. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 320 osteotomies have been conducted on 10 pound per cubic feet (PCF) and 20PCF, respectively, with and without cortical layer. The simultaneous and progressive drilling protocol has been conducted at two different rotational speeds considering two different implant profiles (TAC conical vs. NT cylindrical implants). The study variables were insertion torque, removal torque, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). <b>Results</b>: A significantly higher insertion torque, removal torque, and resonance frequency analysis RFA was detected at low speed with simultaneous drilling protocol (RPM) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A TAC implant produced an increased implant stability compared to NT implants in all conditions tested (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: The conical TAC implant showed higher implant stability in low-density polyurethane, and it is strongly recommended in critical bone quality. Simultaneous drilling osteotomy at low speed could further improve torquing positioning and significantly achieve primary stability in this condition.
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spelling doaj-art-4c9b1cc129e6460ea4f52d2edd96a1952025-08-20T03:27:25ZengMDPI AGOsteology2673-40362025-06-01521710.3390/osteology5020017Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane FoamLuca Comuzzi0Margherita Tumedei1Tea Romasco2Alessandro Cipollina3Giulia Marchioli4Adriano Piattelli5Natalia Di Pietro6Independent Researcher, San Vendemiano-Conegliano Veneto, 31020 Treviso, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyIndependent Researcher, 92019 Sciacca, ItalyDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalySchool of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The achievement of primary stability in low-density bone represents a critical endpoint in clinical practice. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of different drilling osteotomy techniques on polyurethane bone substitutes in vitro. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 320 osteotomies have been conducted on 10 pound per cubic feet (PCF) and 20PCF, respectively, with and without cortical layer. The simultaneous and progressive drilling protocol has been conducted at two different rotational speeds considering two different implant profiles (TAC conical vs. NT cylindrical implants). The study variables were insertion torque, removal torque, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). <b>Results</b>: A significantly higher insertion torque, removal torque, and resonance frequency analysis RFA was detected at low speed with simultaneous drilling protocol (RPM) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A TAC implant produced an increased implant stability compared to NT implants in all conditions tested (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: The conical TAC implant showed higher implant stability in low-density polyurethane, and it is strongly recommended in critical bone quality. Simultaneous drilling osteotomy at low speed could further improve torquing positioning and significantly achieve primary stability in this condition.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4036/5/2/17dental implantprimary stabilityinsertion torquelow-density bone
spellingShingle Luca Comuzzi
Margherita Tumedei
Tea Romasco
Alessandro Cipollina
Giulia Marchioli
Adriano Piattelli
Natalia Di Pietro
Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
Osteology
dental implant
primary stability
insertion torque
low-density bone
title Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
title_full Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
title_fullStr Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
title_short Impact of Drilling Speed and Osteotomy Technique (Primary Bone Healing) on Dental Implant Preparation: An In Vitro Study Using Polyurethane Foam
title_sort impact of drilling speed and osteotomy technique primary bone healing on dental implant preparation an in vitro study using polyurethane foam
topic dental implant
primary stability
insertion torque
low-density bone
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4036/5/2/17
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