Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes
<i>V. lutrae</i> is an emerging human pathogen attributed to increasing hospitalization cases in humans; however, its biology and epidemiology are under-explored. The present study explored <i>V. lutrae</i> recovery, prevalence, and biology. A two-step enrichment method (i.e....
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2024-10-01
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| author | Elizabeth F. Scruggs Zaria Gulley Guadalupe Steele Mohammed Alahmadi Asim Barnawi Hussain Majrshi Hung King Tiong |
| author_facet | Elizabeth F. Scruggs Zaria Gulley Guadalupe Steele Mohammed Alahmadi Asim Barnawi Hussain Majrshi Hung King Tiong |
| author_sort | Elizabeth F. Scruggs |
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| description | <i>V. lutrae</i> is an emerging human pathogen attributed to increasing hospitalization cases in humans; however, its biology and epidemiology are under-explored. The present study explored <i>V. lutrae</i> recovery, prevalence, and biology. A two-step enrichment method (i.e., step 1, nourishment; step 2, heat, 80 °C, 20 min) and thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose (TCBS) agar were employed for recovering <i>V. lutrae</i> in raw seafood. Bacterial colonies were streaked for purification before 16S rRNA bacterial identification. Confirmed <i>V. lutrae</i> isolates were analyzed for their culture-challenged turbidity and virulence. Of 41 bacterial isolates, 9 confirmed <i>V. lutrae</i>, including regular (33%; nourished 24 h) and heat-resistant (67%; nourished 48 h plus heating) isolates, were exclusively from yellow colonies (i.e., TCBS) and were exclusively recovered from nourished shrimp (78%) and crab (22%) only. The culture and virulence biology revealed that they could diversely tolerate salinity (i.e., 0–17.5% additional NaCl), pasteurization (63 °C, 8 h), oxygen availability, and antibiotic sensitivity (i.e., erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin). Further, this pathogen exhibited no visible hemolytic and alkalization activities. Emerging foodborne pathogens could readily evade the established food safety regime. The present study reveals systematic investigation and diverse phenotypes of <i>V. lutrae</i> to enhance its detection and contribute to public health initiatives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4c98e7dac84446e19a6afccaa885ac78 |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Applied Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4c98e7dac84446e19a6afccaa885ac782025-08-20T02:55:31ZengMDPI AGApplied Microbiology2673-80072024-10-01441434145210.3390/applmicrobiol4040099Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification PhenotypesElizabeth F. Scruggs0Zaria Gulley1Guadalupe Steele2Mohammed Alahmadi3Asim Barnawi4Hussain Majrshi5Hung King Tiong6Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USAClinical Laboratory, Huntsville Hospital, Huntsville, AL 35801, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470, USA<i>V. lutrae</i> is an emerging human pathogen attributed to increasing hospitalization cases in humans; however, its biology and epidemiology are under-explored. The present study explored <i>V. lutrae</i> recovery, prevalence, and biology. A two-step enrichment method (i.e., step 1, nourishment; step 2, heat, 80 °C, 20 min) and thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose (TCBS) agar were employed for recovering <i>V. lutrae</i> in raw seafood. Bacterial colonies were streaked for purification before 16S rRNA bacterial identification. Confirmed <i>V. lutrae</i> isolates were analyzed for their culture-challenged turbidity and virulence. Of 41 bacterial isolates, 9 confirmed <i>V. lutrae</i>, including regular (33%; nourished 24 h) and heat-resistant (67%; nourished 48 h plus heating) isolates, were exclusively from yellow colonies (i.e., TCBS) and were exclusively recovered from nourished shrimp (78%) and crab (22%) only. The culture and virulence biology revealed that they could diversely tolerate salinity (i.e., 0–17.5% additional NaCl), pasteurization (63 °C, 8 h), oxygen availability, and antibiotic sensitivity (i.e., erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin). Further, this pathogen exhibited no visible hemolytic and alkalization activities. Emerging foodborne pathogens could readily evade the established food safety regime. The present study reveals systematic investigation and diverse phenotypes of <i>V. lutrae</i> to enhance its detection and contribute to public health initiatives.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/4/4/99<i>Vagococcus lutrae</i>emerging seafood-borne pathogenviable-but-nonculturable (VBNC)contaminationsalinitythermal resistance |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth F. Scruggs Zaria Gulley Guadalupe Steele Mohammed Alahmadi Asim Barnawi Hussain Majrshi Hung King Tiong Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes Applied Microbiology <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> emerging seafood-borne pathogen viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) contamination salinity thermal resistance |
| title | Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes |
| title_full | Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes |
| title_short | Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> from Raw Seafoods Using a Two-Step Enrichment, Its Presumptive Prevalence, and Novel Classification Phenotypes |
| title_sort | recovery of pasteurization resistant i vagococcus lutrae i from raw seafoods using a two step enrichment its presumptive prevalence and novel classification phenotypes |
| topic | <i>Vagococcus lutrae</i> emerging seafood-borne pathogen viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) contamination salinity thermal resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/4/4/99 |
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