Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors

Mammary gland tumors in dogs are very common in clinical practice. Betulinic acid is currently a compound considered to have anticancer properties in human mammary tumors via nanoemulsions. In this study, betulinic acid nanoemulsions with a particle size of less than 300 nm were prepared. Biopsies w...

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Main Authors: Zayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón, Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez, Hugo Sergio García, Angélica Olivares-Muñoz, Isaac De Gasperin-López, Argel Flores-Primo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/522
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author Zayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón
Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez
Hugo Sergio García
Angélica Olivares-Muñoz
Isaac De Gasperin-López
Argel Flores-Primo
author_facet Zayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón
Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez
Hugo Sergio García
Angélica Olivares-Muñoz
Isaac De Gasperin-López
Argel Flores-Primo
author_sort Zayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón
collection DOAJ
description Mammary gland tumors in dogs are very common in clinical practice. Betulinic acid is currently a compound considered to have anticancer properties in human mammary tumors via nanoemulsions. In this study, betulinic acid nanoemulsions with a particle size of less than 300 nm were prepared. Biopsies were obtained from five female dogs with mammary tumors for histopathological analysis, confirming that two were tubular mammary carcinomas (MMTs, malignant) and three were complex mammary adenomas (BMTs, benign). The five female dogs were administered with a daily oral dose of nanoemulsion containing 5 mg/kg of betulinic acid for 30 days. Tumor size was measured every 7 days, and the response to treatment was assessed according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) standards. In one of the females with MMTs treated with the nanoemulsion, the tumor size was reduced by approximately 38%, while in the BMT female dogs, the nanoemulsion reduced the tumor size by 25.3%. It was concluded that oral administration of betulinic acid nanoemulsions reduced the size of canine mammary tumors. Experimental studies are still needed to further evaluate this preparation.
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series Veterinary Sciences
spelling doaj-art-4c86b2f911dd4c78990f8a45fb80a89c2025-08-20T03:26:53ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-05-0112652210.3390/vetsci12060522Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary TumorsZayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón0Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez1Hugo Sergio García2Angélica Olivares-Muñoz3Isaac De Gasperin-López4Argel Flores-Primo5Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, MexicoUnidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México campus Veracruz (TecNM), Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz 91897, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, MexicoMammary gland tumors in dogs are very common in clinical practice. Betulinic acid is currently a compound considered to have anticancer properties in human mammary tumors via nanoemulsions. In this study, betulinic acid nanoemulsions with a particle size of less than 300 nm were prepared. Biopsies were obtained from five female dogs with mammary tumors for histopathological analysis, confirming that two were tubular mammary carcinomas (MMTs, malignant) and three were complex mammary adenomas (BMTs, benign). The five female dogs were administered with a daily oral dose of nanoemulsion containing 5 mg/kg of betulinic acid for 30 days. Tumor size was measured every 7 days, and the response to treatment was assessed according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) standards. In one of the females with MMTs treated with the nanoemulsion, the tumor size was reduced by approximately 38%, while in the BMT female dogs, the nanoemulsion reduced the tumor size by 25.3%. It was concluded that oral administration of betulinic acid nanoemulsions reduced the size of canine mammary tumors. Experimental studies are still needed to further evaluate this preparation.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/522betulinic acidmammary glandnanoemulsions
spellingShingle Zayra Yeretzi Amoros-Cerón
Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez
Hugo Sergio García
Angélica Olivares-Muñoz
Isaac De Gasperin-López
Argel Flores-Primo
Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
Veterinary Sciences
betulinic acid
mammary gland
nanoemulsions
title Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
title_full Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
title_fullStr Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
title_short Effect of Nanoemulsions of Betulinic Acid on the Development of Canine Mammary Tumors
title_sort effect of nanoemulsions of betulinic acid on the development of canine mammary tumors
topic betulinic acid
mammary gland
nanoemulsions
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/522
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