Monkeypox and chickenpox co-infection in a person living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Introduction: The 2022 mpox global outbreak underscores the need for an improved understanding of mpox epidemiology, co-morbidities, and clinical management/outcome. We report a case of a 30-year-old Nigerian antiretroviral treatment-experienced person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHI...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18318 |
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| Summary: | Introduction: The 2022 mpox global outbreak underscores the need for an improved understanding of mpox epidemiology, co-morbidities, and clinical management/outcome. We report a case of a 30-year-old Nigerian antiretroviral treatment-experienced person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) who had PCR-confirmed mpox and chickenpox co-infection.
Case presentation: The patient presented with a generalized itchy rash of three weeks and antecedent low-grade fever. He had no recent travel, animal exposure, or same-sex relationship. Examination revealed generalized pustular and nodular eruptions without peripheral lymphadenopathy.
Results: CD4 count was 78 cells/mm3, wound swab microscopy revealed Gram-positive cocci in clusters and Gram-negative bacilli while culture yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite supportive care and definitive antimicrobial therapy, his clinical condition deteriorated with sepsis-related multi-organ dysfunction and ultimately death.
Conclusions: Mpox and chickenpox co-infection may occur, with potentially fatal complications in the setting of advanced HIV disease. Increased surveillance for co-viral infections in PLHIV with febrile exanthema and aggressive management to improve outcome are recommended.
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| ISSN: | 1972-2680 |