Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach
Objectiveto assess the prognostic impact of clusters of hematologic and biochemical indices on interstitial lung disease (ILD) and respiratory damage associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc)MethodsDesign: We conducted a cross-sectional, uncontrolled study. Participants and Settings: a cohort of pati...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| author | Laura Cano-García Laura Cano-García Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Paula Borregón-Garrido Paula Borregón-Garrido Natalia Mena-Vázquez Natalia Mena-Vázquez Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro |
| author_facet | Laura Cano-García Laura Cano-García Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Paula Borregón-Garrido Paula Borregón-Garrido Natalia Mena-Vázquez Natalia Mena-Vázquez Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro |
| author_sort | Laura Cano-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectiveto assess the prognostic impact of clusters of hematologic and biochemical indices on interstitial lung disease (ILD) and respiratory damage associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc)MethodsDesign: We conducted a cross-sectional, uncontrolled study. Participants and Settings: a cohort of patients with SSc (2013 ACR/EULAR criteria) were enrolled in the rheumatology unit of a tertiary hospital in southern Spain. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcomes were the presence of SSc-ILD and respiratory damage, assessed via the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Damage Index (SCTC-DI). Inflammatory biomarkers, including both CRP and hematological indices, were obtained. Patients were grouped based on inflammatory phenotypes derived from longitudinal CRP averages and through principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering of cross-sectional variables. Multivariate models were constructed to identify factors associated with SSc-ILD and respiratory damage.ResultsAmong 83 patients with SSc, 33.7% had ILD, 30.1% had respiratory damage, and 28.9% were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. A persistent inflammatory phenotype during follow-up was associated with non-Caucasian ethnicity (OR 14.0) and SSc-ILD (OR 17.9). Cross-sectional inflammatory clusters were linked to SSc-ILD (OR 12.8) and damage measured by SCTC-DI (OR 1.2). PC-2, derived from CRP-based variables, was a better predictor of SSc-ILD (OR 3.0) than PC-1, which was based on hematological indices (OR 0.5, non-significant), especially in the presence of anti-Scl70+ antibodies (OR 19.1) and immunosuppressants (OR 42.2). The only variables associated with respiratory damage were average CRP during follow-up (OR 1.2), anti-Scl70+ (OR 7.7), and glucocorticoids (OR 0.2).ConclusionCRP-based variables seem to be better predictors of SSc-ILD and respiratory damage than hematological indices. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4c7b1e837b9a4e269aba1474022e0d412025-08-20T02:16:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15686831568683Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approachLaura Cano-García0Laura Cano-García1Aimara García-Studer2Aimara García-Studer3Aimara García-Studer4Sara Manrique-Arija5Sara Manrique-Arija6Sara Manrique-Arija7Fernando Ortiz-Marquez8Fernando Ortiz-Marquez9Fernando Ortiz-Marquez10Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez11Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez12Paula Borregón-Garrido13Paula Borregón-Garrido14Natalia Mena-Vázquez15Natalia Mena-Vázquez16Antonio Fernández-Nebro17Antonio Fernández-Nebro18Antonio Fernández-Nebro19Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, SpainUGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, SpainObjectiveto assess the prognostic impact of clusters of hematologic and biochemical indices on interstitial lung disease (ILD) and respiratory damage associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc)MethodsDesign: We conducted a cross-sectional, uncontrolled study. Participants and Settings: a cohort of patients with SSc (2013 ACR/EULAR criteria) were enrolled in the rheumatology unit of a tertiary hospital in southern Spain. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcomes were the presence of SSc-ILD and respiratory damage, assessed via the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Damage Index (SCTC-DI). Inflammatory biomarkers, including both CRP and hematological indices, were obtained. Patients were grouped based on inflammatory phenotypes derived from longitudinal CRP averages and through principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering of cross-sectional variables. Multivariate models were constructed to identify factors associated with SSc-ILD and respiratory damage.ResultsAmong 83 patients with SSc, 33.7% had ILD, 30.1% had respiratory damage, and 28.9% were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. A persistent inflammatory phenotype during follow-up was associated with non-Caucasian ethnicity (OR 14.0) and SSc-ILD (OR 17.9). Cross-sectional inflammatory clusters were linked to SSc-ILD (OR 12.8) and damage measured by SCTC-DI (OR 1.2). PC-2, derived from CRP-based variables, was a better predictor of SSc-ILD (OR 3.0) than PC-1, which was based on hematological indices (OR 0.5, non-significant), especially in the presence of anti-Scl70+ antibodies (OR 19.1) and immunosuppressants (OR 42.2). The only variables associated with respiratory damage were average CRP during follow-up (OR 1.2), anti-Scl70+ (OR 7.7), and glucocorticoids (OR 0.2).ConclusionCRP-based variables seem to be better predictors of SSc-ILD and respiratory damage than hematological indices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568683/fullsystemic sclerosisinterstitial lung diseaseinflammationC-reactive proteinhematological indicesinflammatory biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Laura Cano-García Laura Cano-García Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Aimara García-Studer Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Sara Manrique-Arija Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Fernando Ortiz-Marquez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez Paula Borregón-Garrido Paula Borregón-Garrido Natalia Mena-Vázquez Natalia Mena-Vázquez Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro Antonio Fernández-Nebro Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach Frontiers in Immunology systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease inflammation C-reactive protein hematological indices inflammatory biomarkers |
| title | Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach |
| title_full | Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach |
| title_fullStr | Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach |
| title_short | Identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis: k-means clustering approach |
| title_sort | identifying inflammatory phenotypes associated with lung involvement in systemic sclerosis k means clustering approach |
| topic | systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease inflammation C-reactive protein hematological indices inflammatory biomarkers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568683/full |
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