Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines

The rock and soil layer serves as the fundamental basis of ecosystems. Open-pit coal mining causes the complete destruction of the original overlying geotechnical system, leading to severe environmental consequences. The ecological restoration of open-pit coal mining usually results brand new rock a...

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Main Authors: Zhenqi HU, Zixuan ZHANG, Huang SUN
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Office of Journal of China Coal Society 2025-07-01
Series:Meitan xuebao
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Online Access:http://www.mtxb.com.cn/article/doi/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YG25.0214
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author Zhenqi HU
Zixuan ZHANG
Huang SUN
author_facet Zhenqi HU
Zixuan ZHANG
Huang SUN
author_sort Zhenqi HU
collection DOAJ
description The rock and soil layer serves as the fundamental basis of ecosystems. Open-pit coal mining causes the complete destruction of the original overlying geotechnical system, leading to severe environmental consequences. The ecological restoration of open-pit coal mining usually results brand new rock and soil layers with a artificial reconstruction process. The reconstruction of rock and soil layer is pivotal for restoring and enhancing mine ecosystem functions. It aims to elucidate the evolutionary process of rock and soil layer reconstruction across different development stages, innovate the principles and methodologies of reconstruction, and explore adaptive reconstruction technologies for critical layers within reconstructed geotechnical profiles. The ultimate goal is to provide fundamental theories and key technical support for ecological restoration in open-pit coal mines. It systematically reviews the impacts of open-pit mining on the original geotechnical system (strata) and its environmental consequences. It clarifies the interrelationships among geotechnical layer and soil reconstruction, the critical zone, and Earth system processes. The concept and connotation of rock and soil layer reconstruction are defined, emphasizing that the reconstruction process entails restoring the functional integrity of the entire geotechnical system, including both soil and rock layers. The study asserts that broadly defined soil reconstruction aligns with rock and soil layer reconstruction, whereas narrowly defined soil reconstruction focuses solely on the soil layer. The development of rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines is categorized into four evolutionary stages. The study delineates the background, characteristics, and research foci of each stage, from Rock and Soil Layer Reconstruction 1.0 to 4.0, illustrating the progressive enhancement of geotechnical functionality cognition and continuous advancement in mine rehabilitation technologies. A crucial finding is that the economic investment in mine soil amelioration and reconstruction projects exhibits a significant inverse correlation. The Ecological Niche Principle involves quantitative analysis of stratified ecological niche characteristics, particularly ecological niche suitability and competitive overlap, to determine the spatial configuration and hierarchical relationships of reconstructed layers. This principle addresses key questions such as whether to merge layers, the optimal number of layers, and their spatial relationships, ultimately guiding the formation of the fundamental profile configuration. The Critical Layer Reconstruction Principle focuses on identifying and enhancing key functional layers through ecological function analysis and optimization measures. This principle aims to achieve optimal critical layer functionality and the best possible rock and soil profile configuration. Applying these principles and methodologies, the study presents a case of ecological restoration in an open-pit coal mine in the eastern grassland region of China, demonstrating the development and application of adaptive critical layer reconstruction technologies tailored to specific geological and climatic conditions. The research provides detailed optimization strategies for reconstructed profile configurations and specific methods for topsoil critical layer reconstruction, achieving significant practical outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-4c72e9df72304fd9959cc47fe7ee006d2025-08-20T03:45:04ZzhoEditorial Office of Journal of China Coal SocietyMeitan xuebao0253-99932025-07-015073338335110.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YG25.0214YG25-0214Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal minesZhenqi HU0Zixuan ZHANG1Huang SUN2China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaEngineering Research Center for Mine Ecological Safety, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center for Mine Ecological Safety, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe rock and soil layer serves as the fundamental basis of ecosystems. Open-pit coal mining causes the complete destruction of the original overlying geotechnical system, leading to severe environmental consequences. The ecological restoration of open-pit coal mining usually results brand new rock and soil layers with a artificial reconstruction process. The reconstruction of rock and soil layer is pivotal for restoring and enhancing mine ecosystem functions. It aims to elucidate the evolutionary process of rock and soil layer reconstruction across different development stages, innovate the principles and methodologies of reconstruction, and explore adaptive reconstruction technologies for critical layers within reconstructed geotechnical profiles. The ultimate goal is to provide fundamental theories and key technical support for ecological restoration in open-pit coal mines. It systematically reviews the impacts of open-pit mining on the original geotechnical system (strata) and its environmental consequences. It clarifies the interrelationships among geotechnical layer and soil reconstruction, the critical zone, and Earth system processes. The concept and connotation of rock and soil layer reconstruction are defined, emphasizing that the reconstruction process entails restoring the functional integrity of the entire geotechnical system, including both soil and rock layers. The study asserts that broadly defined soil reconstruction aligns with rock and soil layer reconstruction, whereas narrowly defined soil reconstruction focuses solely on the soil layer. The development of rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines is categorized into four evolutionary stages. The study delineates the background, characteristics, and research foci of each stage, from Rock and Soil Layer Reconstruction 1.0 to 4.0, illustrating the progressive enhancement of geotechnical functionality cognition and continuous advancement in mine rehabilitation technologies. A crucial finding is that the economic investment in mine soil amelioration and reconstruction projects exhibits a significant inverse correlation. The Ecological Niche Principle involves quantitative analysis of stratified ecological niche characteristics, particularly ecological niche suitability and competitive overlap, to determine the spatial configuration and hierarchical relationships of reconstructed layers. This principle addresses key questions such as whether to merge layers, the optimal number of layers, and their spatial relationships, ultimately guiding the formation of the fundamental profile configuration. The Critical Layer Reconstruction Principle focuses on identifying and enhancing key functional layers through ecological function analysis and optimization measures. This principle aims to achieve optimal critical layer functionality and the best possible rock and soil profile configuration. Applying these principles and methodologies, the study presents a case of ecological restoration in an open-pit coal mine in the eastern grassland region of China, demonstrating the development and application of adaptive critical layer reconstruction technologies tailored to specific geological and climatic conditions. The research provides detailed optimization strategies for reconstructed profile configurations and specific methods for topsoil critical layer reconstruction, achieving significant practical outcomes.http://www.mtxb.com.cn/article/doi/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YG25.0214mine reclamationopen-pit minerock and soil layer reconstructionsoil reconstructionecological nichecritical layerstrata
spellingShingle Zhenqi HU
Zixuan ZHANG
Huang SUN
Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
Meitan xuebao
mine reclamation
open-pit mine
rock and soil layer reconstruction
soil reconstruction
ecological niche
critical layer
strata
title Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
title_full Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
title_fullStr Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
title_full_unstemmed Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
title_short Development process, principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open-pit coal mines
title_sort development process principles and adaptive technologies for rock and soil layer reconstruction in open pit coal mines
topic mine reclamation
open-pit mine
rock and soil layer reconstruction
soil reconstruction
ecological niche
critical layer
strata
url http://www.mtxb.com.cn/article/doi/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YG25.0214
work_keys_str_mv AT zhenqihu developmentprocessprinciplesandadaptivetechnologiesforrockandsoillayerreconstructioninopenpitcoalmines
AT zixuanzhang developmentprocessprinciplesandadaptivetechnologiesforrockandsoillayerreconstructioninopenpitcoalmines
AT huangsun developmentprocessprinciplesandadaptivetechnologiesforrockandsoillayerreconstructioninopenpitcoalmines