Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer

Abstract We propose shape graphs as instantaneous representations of spatial arrangements in association football (soccer). Shape graphs are a novel type of subgraph of Delaunay triangulations inspired by related applications in fingerprinting and facial expression detection. They provide a foundati...

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Main Authors: Ulrik Brandes, Hadi Sotudeh, Doğan Parlak, Paolo Laffranchi, Mert Erkul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Complexity
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-025-00047-x
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author Ulrik Brandes
Hadi Sotudeh
Doğan Parlak
Paolo Laffranchi
Mert Erkul
author_facet Ulrik Brandes
Hadi Sotudeh
Doğan Parlak
Paolo Laffranchi
Mert Erkul
author_sort Ulrik Brandes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We propose shape graphs as instantaneous representations of spatial arrangements in association football (soccer). Shape graphs are a novel type of subgraph of Delaunay triangulations inspired by related applications in fingerprinting and facial expression detection. They provide a foundational data structure that supports various downstream tasks in a manner that is flexible, explainable, and efficient. While previous approaches aggregate spatial positions over periods of time to stabilize the underlying signal, we instead interpret each frame individually for increased explainability at the highest possible temporal resolution. As an example use case we introduce position plots, a novel visualization capturing the characteristic fluidity of relative positioning during a game while retaining the possibility to add match context.
format Article
id doaj-art-4c6ac6a9da2a41ae98e75c635d892411
institution Kabale University
issn 2731-8753
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Complexity
spelling doaj-art-4c6ac6a9da2a41ae98e75c635d8924112025-08-20T03:43:57ZengNature Portfolionpj Complexity2731-87532025-08-012111010.1038/s44260-025-00047-xShape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccerUlrik Brandes0Hadi Sotudeh1Doğan Parlak2Paolo Laffranchi3Mert Erkul4Social Networks Lab, ETH ZurichSocial Networks Lab, ETH ZurichSocial Networks Lab, ETH ZurichSocial Networks Lab, ETH ZurichSocial Networks Lab, ETH ZurichAbstract We propose shape graphs as instantaneous representations of spatial arrangements in association football (soccer). Shape graphs are a novel type of subgraph of Delaunay triangulations inspired by related applications in fingerprinting and facial expression detection. They provide a foundational data structure that supports various downstream tasks in a manner that is flexible, explainable, and efficient. While previous approaches aggregate spatial positions over periods of time to stabilize the underlying signal, we instead interpret each frame individually for increased explainability at the highest possible temporal resolution. As an example use case we introduce position plots, a novel visualization capturing the characteristic fluidity of relative positioning during a game while retaining the possibility to add match context.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-025-00047-x
spellingShingle Ulrik Brandes
Hadi Sotudeh
Doğan Parlak
Paolo Laffranchi
Mert Erkul
Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
npj Complexity
title Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
title_full Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
title_fullStr Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
title_full_unstemmed Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
title_short Shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
title_sort shape graphs and the instantaneous inference of tactical positions in soccer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-025-00047-x
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AT paololaffranchi shapegraphsandtheinstantaneousinferenceoftacticalpositionsinsoccer
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