An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic behavior of corporate debt ratios utilizing a balanced panel of 2,556 publicly traded U.S. firms during the period 1997-2010. We partition the panel into ten economic sectors and perform panel unit root tests on each sector employing book v...

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Main Authors: Giorgio Canarella, Mahmoud Nourayi, Michael J. Sullivan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: VIZJA University 2014-12-01
Series:Contemporary Economics
Online Access:http://ce.vizja.pl/en/download-pdf/id/378
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author Giorgio Canarella
Mahmoud Nourayi
Michael J. Sullivan
author_facet Giorgio Canarella
Mahmoud Nourayi
Michael J. Sullivan
author_sort Giorgio Canarella
collection DOAJ
description The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic behavior of corporate debt ratios utilizing a balanced panel of 2,556 publicly traded U.S. firms during the period 1997-2010. We partition the panel into ten economic sectors and perform panel unit root tests on each sector employing book value and market value measures of debt ratio. First-generation panel unit root tests provide consistent evidence that debt ratios are mean reverting, which supports the trade-off theory. However, these tests rely on the assumption that the debt ratios are cross-sectionally independent, but tests of cross-sectional independence fail to uphold this assumption. Thus, utilizing a second-generation panel unit root test that controls for cross-sectional dependence, we uncover evidence showing that debt ratios are not mean reverting, which contradicts the trade-off hypothesis. We find that the recent macroeconomic developments triggered by the financial crisis and the Great Recession have considerable explanatory power over the dynamics of the debt ratios. In fact, when we exclude the years of the recent global financial crisis, the unit root hypothesis is rejected in one half of the sectors. We interpret these results as indicative that the recent global events may have produced in these sectors a structural change in the underlying data generation process (DGP). Overall, then, we find mixed evidence on the stationarity of debt ratios.
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spelling doaj-art-4c6167fa380b494bb0ed315dc056b2aa2025-08-20T01:56:38ZengVIZJA UniversityContemporary Economics2084-08452014-12-0184110310.5709/ce.1897-9254.151378An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structureGiorgio Canarella0Mahmoud Nourayi1Michael J. Sullivan2---The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic behavior of corporate debt ratios utilizing a balanced panel of 2,556 publicly traded U.S. firms during the period 1997-2010. We partition the panel into ten economic sectors and perform panel unit root tests on each sector employing book value and market value measures of debt ratio. First-generation panel unit root tests provide consistent evidence that debt ratios are mean reverting, which supports the trade-off theory. However, these tests rely on the assumption that the debt ratios are cross-sectionally independent, but tests of cross-sectional independence fail to uphold this assumption. Thus, utilizing a second-generation panel unit root test that controls for cross-sectional dependence, we uncover evidence showing that debt ratios are not mean reverting, which contradicts the trade-off hypothesis. We find that the recent macroeconomic developments triggered by the financial crisis and the Great Recession have considerable explanatory power over the dynamics of the debt ratios. In fact, when we exclude the years of the recent global financial crisis, the unit root hypothesis is rejected in one half of the sectors. We interpret these results as indicative that the recent global events may have produced in these sectors a structural change in the underlying data generation process (DGP). Overall, then, we find mixed evidence on the stationarity of debt ratios.http://ce.vizja.pl/en/download-pdf/id/378
spellingShingle Giorgio Canarella
Mahmoud Nourayi
Michael J. Sullivan
An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
Contemporary Economics
title An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
title_full An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
title_fullStr An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
title_full_unstemmed An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
title_short An alternative test of the trade-off theory of capital structure
title_sort alternative test of the trade off theory of capital structure
url http://ce.vizja.pl/en/download-pdf/id/378
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