Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions

Flares are recognized as significant environmental risks that impact ecosystems. This research aims to analyze the impact of flares on ecosystem pollution and human health in the Persian Gulf. Specifically, it focused on modeling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from an offshore flare at the South Par...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Mardani, Mohsen Nowrouzi, Hajar Abyar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) 2025-01-01
Series:Advances in Environmental Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://aet.irost.ir/article_1480_3715d038ff7f26c5b383405f688378cc.pdf
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author Mohammad Mardani
Mohsen Nowrouzi
Hajar Abyar
author_facet Mohammad Mardani
Mohsen Nowrouzi
Hajar Abyar
author_sort Mohammad Mardani
collection DOAJ
description Flares are recognized as significant environmental risks that impact ecosystems. This research aims to analyze the impact of flares on ecosystem pollution and human health in the Persian Gulf. Specifically, it focused on modeling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from an offshore flare at the South Pars gas platform using AERMOD software for accurate analysis. For this purpose, the amount of SO2 gas emissions in the first six months of 2022 was obtained based on field measurements. Subsequently, the distribution of these pollutants was investigated using the AERMOD distribution model in an area of 10 x10 km2 in both the X and Y directions, considering time averages of 1, 3, and 24 hours. To assess the accuracy of the model's outputs, these values were compared with the results of field measurements at six separate receptors. The findings revealed that the maximum concentration of SO2 emissions during a 1-hour period was 1.73 µg/m³, primarily localized in the vicinity of the flare. The AERMOD software confirmed the significant influence of wind direction on SO2 emissions, with pollution dispersing up to 4.5 km from the emission center in the northwest to east direction within the first hour. Importantly, the investigation demonstrated that the pollutant emission levels from the flare remained well below the standards established by Iranian and American environmental organizations. Consequently, the activity of the studied flare poses no immediate danger to workers, residents, or ecosystems in the Persian Gulf. Statistical analysis illustrated a significant correlation between the model and field results (r = 0.943, Sig. = 99%), indicating the accuracy and robustness of the used model for estimation. In conclusion, the results provide a comprehensive framework for assessing air pollution stemming from flares to mitigate their deleterious effects on ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-4c5f901f4d904576a67b1323fa092f4a2025-08-20T02:50:48ZengIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Advances in Environmental Technology2476-66742476-47792025-01-01111637410.22104/aet.2024.6494.17811480Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissionsMohammad Mardani0Mohsen Nowrouzi1Hajar Abyar2Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169-13798, IranDepartment of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169-13798, IranDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, IranFlares are recognized as significant environmental risks that impact ecosystems. This research aims to analyze the impact of flares on ecosystem pollution and human health in the Persian Gulf. Specifically, it focused on modeling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from an offshore flare at the South Pars gas platform using AERMOD software for accurate analysis. For this purpose, the amount of SO2 gas emissions in the first six months of 2022 was obtained based on field measurements. Subsequently, the distribution of these pollutants was investigated using the AERMOD distribution model in an area of 10 x10 km2 in both the X and Y directions, considering time averages of 1, 3, and 24 hours. To assess the accuracy of the model's outputs, these values were compared with the results of field measurements at six separate receptors. The findings revealed that the maximum concentration of SO2 emissions during a 1-hour period was 1.73 µg/m³, primarily localized in the vicinity of the flare. The AERMOD software confirmed the significant influence of wind direction on SO2 emissions, with pollution dispersing up to 4.5 km from the emission center in the northwest to east direction within the first hour. Importantly, the investigation demonstrated that the pollutant emission levels from the flare remained well below the standards established by Iranian and American environmental organizations. Consequently, the activity of the studied flare poses no immediate danger to workers, residents, or ecosystems in the Persian Gulf. Statistical analysis illustrated a significant correlation between the model and field results (r = 0.943, Sig. = 99%), indicating the accuracy and robustness of the used model for estimation. In conclusion, the results provide a comprehensive framework for assessing air pollution stemming from flares to mitigate their deleterious effects on ecosystems.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1480_3715d038ff7f26c5b383405f688378cc.pdfpersian gulfflareaermodso2 emission modeling
spellingShingle Mohammad Mardani
Mohsen Nowrouzi
Hajar Abyar
Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
Advances in Environmental Technology
persian gulf
flare
aermod
so2 emission modeling
title Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
title_full Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
title_fullStr Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
title_short Assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive analysis of SO2 emissions
title_sort assessing the environmental impact of offshore flares in the persian gulf a comprehensive analysis of so2 emissions
topic persian gulf
flare
aermod
so2 emission modeling
url https://aet.irost.ir/article_1480_3715d038ff7f26c5b383405f688378cc.pdf
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AT mohsennowrouzi assessingtheenvironmentalimpactofoffshoreflaresinthepersiangulfacomprehensiveanalysisofso2emissions
AT hajarabyar assessingtheenvironmentalimpactofoffshoreflaresinthepersiangulfacomprehensiveanalysisofso2emissions