Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report

Abstract Background The clinical management of HIV, particularly in the context of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and co-infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), is notably complex. Here we present a case study of a patient with multi-drug resistant HIV who was co-infected with drug-resistant HBV an...

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Main Authors: Yaozu He, Baolin Liao, Yuantao Liu, Yang Cao, Linghua Li, Weiping Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Virology Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02794-8
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author Yaozu He
Baolin Liao
Yuantao Liu
Yang Cao
Linghua Li
Weiping Cai
author_facet Yaozu He
Baolin Liao
Yuantao Liu
Yang Cao
Linghua Li
Weiping Cai
author_sort Yaozu He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The clinical management of HIV, particularly in the context of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and co-infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), is notably complex. Here we present a case study of a patient with multi-drug resistant HIV who was co-infected with drug-resistant HBV and suffered from renal insufficiency. We employed an optimized regimen based on the fusion inhibitor Albuvirtide (ABT), combined with highly effective, low nephrotoxicity antiviral drugs for HBV. This approach ultimately achieved effective suppression of both HIV and HBV. Case presentation A 58-year-old male, diagnosed with HIV in 1997 and co-infected with HBV, experienced renal insufficiency. Due to poor adherence, he developed resistance to nucleoside, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors over nearly two decades, necessitating frequent modifications to his ART regimen. In 2019, HIV RNA rebounded to 1120 copies/mL, prompting resistance testing that revealed high-level resistance to Elvitegravir (EVG), intermediate resistance to Raltegravir (RAL), and potential low-level resistance to Bictegravir (BIC) and dolutegravir (DTG). This led to a strategic overhaul of the ART to ABT + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (FTC/TAF) + double-dose DTG, resulting in a significant suppression of the HIV. Concurrently, HBV suppression and renal function were well-maintained. Conclusions This case underscores the potential value of individualized treatment strategies for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV and HBV co-infection complicated by renal impairment. The observed virological control following the use of novel agents such as Albuvirtide (ABT), in combination with second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) like DTG, alongside renal-sparing antivirals, highlights the importance of designing optimized regimens based on resistance profiles and renal function. This personalized and adaptive therapeutic approach may offer clinical benefits in similarly complex scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-4c561e7f03354faeadd09beb00302edf2025-08-20T02:34:13ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2025-05-012211910.1186/s12985-025-02794-8Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case reportYaozu He0Baolin Liao1Yuantao Liu2Yang Cao3Linghua Li4Weiping Cai5Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityMedical Affairs Department, Frontier Biotechnologies IncMedical Affairs Department, Frontier Biotechnologies IncGuangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Background The clinical management of HIV, particularly in the context of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and co-infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), is notably complex. Here we present a case study of a patient with multi-drug resistant HIV who was co-infected with drug-resistant HBV and suffered from renal insufficiency. We employed an optimized regimen based on the fusion inhibitor Albuvirtide (ABT), combined with highly effective, low nephrotoxicity antiviral drugs for HBV. This approach ultimately achieved effective suppression of both HIV and HBV. Case presentation A 58-year-old male, diagnosed with HIV in 1997 and co-infected with HBV, experienced renal insufficiency. Due to poor adherence, he developed resistance to nucleoside, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors over nearly two decades, necessitating frequent modifications to his ART regimen. In 2019, HIV RNA rebounded to 1120 copies/mL, prompting resistance testing that revealed high-level resistance to Elvitegravir (EVG), intermediate resistance to Raltegravir (RAL), and potential low-level resistance to Bictegravir (BIC) and dolutegravir (DTG). This led to a strategic overhaul of the ART to ABT + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (FTC/TAF) + double-dose DTG, resulting in a significant suppression of the HIV. Concurrently, HBV suppression and renal function were well-maintained. Conclusions This case underscores the potential value of individualized treatment strategies for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV and HBV co-infection complicated by renal impairment. The observed virological control following the use of novel agents such as Albuvirtide (ABT), in combination with second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) like DTG, alongside renal-sparing antivirals, highlights the importance of designing optimized regimens based on resistance profiles and renal function. This personalized and adaptive therapeutic approach may offer clinical benefits in similarly complex scenarios.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02794-8HIVMulti-drug resistanceAlbuvirtideHepatitis B virusRenal impairment
spellingShingle Yaozu He
Baolin Liao
Yuantao Liu
Yang Cao
Linghua Li
Weiping Cai
Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
Virology Journal
HIV
Multi-drug resistance
Albuvirtide
Hepatitis B virus
Renal impairment
title Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
title_full Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
title_fullStr Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
title_short Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report
title_sort salvage therapy with an albuvirtide based antiretroviral regimen for multi drug resistant hiv and drug resistant hbv with renal impairment a case report
topic HIV
Multi-drug resistance
Albuvirtide
Hepatitis B virus
Renal impairment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02794-8
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