Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in premature infants. 1, 25-dihydro vitamin D (Vitamin D) is a critical metabolite for the homeostasis, growth, and development, with its receptors widely present in the structure of the eyes. This study aimed...

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Main Authors: Ziba Mosayebi, Setareh Sagheb, Mohammad Reza Zarkesh, Marzieh Maddah, Mamak Shariat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Neonatology
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Online Access:https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_25344_c35b62a1c3ded92c8d8c01edd9dac7a8.pdf
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author Ziba Mosayebi
Setareh Sagheb
Mohammad Reza Zarkesh
Marzieh Maddah
Mamak Shariat
author_facet Ziba Mosayebi
Setareh Sagheb
Mohammad Reza Zarkesh
Marzieh Maddah
Mamak Shariat
author_sort Ziba Mosayebi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in premature infants. 1, 25-dihydro vitamin D (Vitamin D) is a critical metabolite for the homeostasis, growth, and development, with its receptors widely present in the structure of the eyes. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationships between serum vitamin D level and the prevalence, severity, and treatment types of ROP among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Seventy-five preterm neonates, either with a birth weight of ≤2000 grams or unstable conditions, were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels were measured for all neonates immediately upon admission to the NICU. Additionally, a comprehensive eye examination was performed for ROP screening. Neonates who developed ROP were categorized into two groups: Type 1 (required treatment) and Type 2 (required no treatment or only close monitoring). The relationships between vitamin D levels and the severity and type of ROP treatment were then analyzed.Results: Among 75 newborns, ROP developed in zone 1 in 10 cases (13%), zone 2 in 50 cases (67%), and zone 3 in 15 cases (20%). Of all, 18 cases (24%) were classified as Type 1 and required treatment. The mean gestational age of neonates with Type 1 ROP was significantly lower than that of neonates in the other group (P= 0.028). Of all neonates, 38 (51%) had sufficient vitamin D levels, 15 (20%) had insufficient levels, and 22 (29%) were vitamin D deficient. When comparing vitamin D status between the groups, the results showed that the mean vitamin D level was lower in neonates with Type 1 ROP compared to those with Type 2 ROP. Additionally, the mean vitamin D level in neonates with zone 3 ROP was significantly higher (P=0.04) than in those with zones 1 and 2.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a positive relationship between vitamin D levels and the zones affected by ROP. This finding suggests that prenatal vitamin D supplementation may have a beneficial effect in preventing abnormal angiogenesis and reducing the involvement of the posterior retinal pole.
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spelling doaj-art-4c52fcc11db64403b87a10c03bd2e3622025-08-20T03:34:37ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Neonatology2251-75102322-21582025-01-011613910.22038/ijn.2024.72818.241225344Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020Ziba Mosayebi0Setareh Sagheb1Mohammad Reza Zarkesh2Marzieh Maddah3Mamak Shariat41. Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Department of Neonatology, Shariaty Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1.Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2.Department of Neonatology, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranClinical Research Development Center, Mahdieh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMaternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackground: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in premature infants. 1, 25-dihydro vitamin D (Vitamin D) is a critical metabolite for the homeostasis, growth, and development, with its receptors widely present in the structure of the eyes. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationships between serum vitamin D level and the prevalence, severity, and treatment types of ROP among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Seventy-five preterm neonates, either with a birth weight of ≤2000 grams or unstable conditions, were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels were measured for all neonates immediately upon admission to the NICU. Additionally, a comprehensive eye examination was performed for ROP screening. Neonates who developed ROP were categorized into two groups: Type 1 (required treatment) and Type 2 (required no treatment or only close monitoring). The relationships between vitamin D levels and the severity and type of ROP treatment were then analyzed.Results: Among 75 newborns, ROP developed in zone 1 in 10 cases (13%), zone 2 in 50 cases (67%), and zone 3 in 15 cases (20%). Of all, 18 cases (24%) were classified as Type 1 and required treatment. The mean gestational age of neonates with Type 1 ROP was significantly lower than that of neonates in the other group (P= 0.028). Of all neonates, 38 (51%) had sufficient vitamin D levels, 15 (20%) had insufficient levels, and 22 (29%) were vitamin D deficient. When comparing vitamin D status between the groups, the results showed that the mean vitamin D level was lower in neonates with Type 1 ROP compared to those with Type 2 ROP. Additionally, the mean vitamin D level in neonates with zone 3 ROP was significantly higher (P=0.04) than in those with zones 1 and 2.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a positive relationship between vitamin D levels and the zones affected by ROP. This finding suggests that prenatal vitamin D supplementation may have a beneficial effect in preventing abnormal angiogenesis and reducing the involvement of the posterior retinal pole.https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_25344_c35b62a1c3ded92c8d8c01edd9dac7a8.pdfinfantprematureretinopathy of prematurityvitamin d 
spellingShingle Ziba Mosayebi
Setareh Sagheb
Mohammad Reza Zarkesh
Marzieh Maddah
Mamak Shariat
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
Iranian Journal of Neonatology
infant
premature
retinopathy of prematurity
vitamin d 
title Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
title_full Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
title_fullStr Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
title_full_unstemmed Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
title_short Serum Vitamin D Levels in Premature Neonates with Retinopathy of Prematurity; Prevalence, Severity, and Types of Treatments; A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran, 2019-2020
title_sort serum vitamin d levels in premature neonates with retinopathy of prematurity prevalence severity and types of treatments a cross sectional study from iran 2019 2020
topic infant
premature
retinopathy of prematurity
vitamin d 
url https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_25344_c35b62a1c3ded92c8d8c01edd9dac7a8.pdf
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