On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN

A main challenge in deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is determining the minimum quantity of sensor nodes required to fully cover the region of interest while avoiding coverage holes. This study proposes a method to compute the number of nodes needed to monitor a circular region and a distri...

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Main Authors: Monik Silva Sousa, João Viana da Fonseca Neto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3210
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author Monik Silva Sousa
João Viana da Fonseca Neto
author_facet Monik Silva Sousa
João Viana da Fonseca Neto
author_sort Monik Silva Sousa
collection DOAJ
description A main challenge in deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is determining the minimum quantity of sensor nodes required to fully cover the region of interest while avoiding coverage holes. This study proposes a method to compute the number of nodes needed to monitor a circular region and a distributed control strategy based on circular formations to move dynamic agents to their desired positions. The method addresses the coverage problem, ensuring that each point in the monitored region is detected without losing connectivity. In addition, the study compares this approach with a sensor node allocation method based on Voronoi diagrams, highlighting the need for an algorithm that computes the desired positions of the agents to provide guaranteed flawless coverage; the proposed method achieves this by obtaining the desired final positions. The hybrid WSN architecture, together with the proposed method, achieves full coverage efficiently and better utilizes the detection circumference of sensors compared to traditional rectangular monitoring regions.
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-4c4e1abca3174f209fb116af0b6f300e2025-08-20T01:56:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510321010.3390/s25103210On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSNMonik Silva Sousa0João Viana da Fonseca Neto1Laboratory of Embedded Systems and Intelligent Control, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, BrazilDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, BrazilA main challenge in deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is determining the minimum quantity of sensor nodes required to fully cover the region of interest while avoiding coverage holes. This study proposes a method to compute the number of nodes needed to monitor a circular region and a distributed control strategy based on circular formations to move dynamic agents to their desired positions. The method addresses the coverage problem, ensuring that each point in the monitored region is detected without losing connectivity. In addition, the study compares this approach with a sensor node allocation method based on Voronoi diagrams, highlighting the need for an algorithm that computes the desired positions of the agents to provide guaranteed flawless coverage; the proposed method achieves this by obtaining the desired final positions. The hybrid WSN architecture, together with the proposed method, achieves full coverage efficiently and better utilizes the detection circumference of sensors compared to traditional rectangular monitoring regions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3210circular formationcoverage holefull coveragehybrid WSNsensor nodes quantity
spellingShingle Monik Silva Sousa
João Viana da Fonseca Neto
On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
Sensors
circular formation
coverage hole
full coverage
hybrid WSN
sensor nodes quantity
title On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
title_full On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
title_fullStr On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
title_full_unstemmed On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
title_short On the Minimum Quantity of Mobile Sensor Nodes for Full Coverage in Hybrid WSN
title_sort on the minimum quantity of mobile sensor nodes for full coverage in hybrid wsn
topic circular formation
coverage hole
full coverage
hybrid WSN
sensor nodes quantity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3210
work_keys_str_mv AT moniksilvasousa ontheminimumquantityofmobilesensornodesforfullcoverageinhybridwsn
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