Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City

Elements associated with total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in Jeddah city were determined. Using high-volume samplers, TSP samples were simultaneously collected over a one-year period from seven sampling sites. Samples were analyzed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, a...

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Main Author: Mohammad W. Kadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:The Scientific World Journal
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/325492
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author Mohammad W. Kadi
author_facet Mohammad W. Kadi
author_sort Mohammad W. Kadi
collection DOAJ
description Elements associated with total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in Jeddah city were determined. Using high-volume samplers, TSP samples were simultaneously collected over a one-year period from seven sampling sites. Samples were analyzed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, and Sr. Results revealed great dependence of element contents on spatial and temporal variations. Two sites characterized by busy roads, workshops, heavy population, and heavy trucking have high levels of all measured elements. Concentrations of most elements at the two sites exhibit strong spatial gradients and concentrations of elements at these sites are higher than other locations. The highest concentrations of elements were observed during June–August because of dust storms, significant increase in energy consumption, and active surface winds. Enrichment factors of elements at the high-level sites have values in the range >10~60 while for Cu and Zn the enrichment factors are much higher (~0–>700) indicating that greater percentage of TSP composition for these three elements in air comes from anthropogenic activities.
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spelling doaj-art-4c4a5ac8f8ec4d599cc7f5c6da23c1552025-08-20T02:38:40ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal2356-61401537-744X2014-01-01201410.1155/2014/325492325492Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah CityMohammad W. Kadi0Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaElements associated with total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in Jeddah city were determined. Using high-volume samplers, TSP samples were simultaneously collected over a one-year period from seven sampling sites. Samples were analyzed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, and Sr. Results revealed great dependence of element contents on spatial and temporal variations. Two sites characterized by busy roads, workshops, heavy population, and heavy trucking have high levels of all measured elements. Concentrations of most elements at the two sites exhibit strong spatial gradients and concentrations of elements at these sites are higher than other locations. The highest concentrations of elements were observed during June–August because of dust storms, significant increase in energy consumption, and active surface winds. Enrichment factors of elements at the high-level sites have values in the range >10~60 while for Cu and Zn the enrichment factors are much higher (~0–>700) indicating that greater percentage of TSP composition for these three elements in air comes from anthropogenic activities.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/325492
spellingShingle Mohammad W. Kadi
Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
The Scientific World Journal
title Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
title_full Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
title_fullStr Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
title_full_unstemmed Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
title_short Elemental Spatiotemporal Variations of Total Suspended Particles in Jeddah City
title_sort elemental spatiotemporal variations of total suspended particles in jeddah city
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/325492
work_keys_str_mv AT mohammadwkadi elementalspatiotemporalvariationsoftotalsuspendedparticlesinjeddahcity