<sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>)
<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i> (cuachalalate) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for its anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we applied qualitative and quantitative NMR-based metabolomics profiling, combined w...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Erick Alejandro Herrera-Jurado Estefanía De Jesús Terán-Sánchez José Iván Serrano-Contreras L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo |
| author_facet | Erick Alejandro Herrera-Jurado Estefanía De Jesús Terán-Sánchez José Iván Serrano-Contreras L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo |
| author_sort | Erick Alejandro Herrera-Jurado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i> (cuachalalate) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for its anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we applied qualitative and quantitative NMR-based metabolomics profiling, combined with multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and S-plots, to evaluate the chemical composition and authenticity of <i>A. adstringens</i> samples collected from different commercial sources sold in Mexico City. Metabolomic profiles in organic and aqueous extracts revealed highly similar spectral patterns among all collected samples, supporting the consistency of commercially available <i>A. adstringens</i> in Mexico. The presence of 3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid (3α-HMDA) and anacardic acids, biomarkers of the genus, was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR in hexane extracts; in the aqueous extract they were not observed with the same analytical platform. These findings suggest that the traditional infusion method may not effectively extract the above-mentioned key bioactive compounds. This approach enhances quality control and ensures the reliability of <i>A. adstringens</i> products in the commercial market. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4c46bc4eed2d432596e88bee9c9446b72025-08-20T03:14:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010218510.3390/molecules30102185<sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>)Erick Alejandro Herrera-Jurado0Estefanía De Jesús Terán-Sánchez1José Iván Serrano-Contreras2L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo3Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas., Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City C.P. 11340, MexicoDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas., Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City C.P. 11340, MexicoDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas., Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i> (cuachalalate) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for its anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we applied qualitative and quantitative NMR-based metabolomics profiling, combined with multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and S-plots, to evaluate the chemical composition and authenticity of <i>A. adstringens</i> samples collected from different commercial sources sold in Mexico City. Metabolomic profiles in organic and aqueous extracts revealed highly similar spectral patterns among all collected samples, supporting the consistency of commercially available <i>A. adstringens</i> in Mexico. The presence of 3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid (3α-HMDA) and anacardic acids, biomarkers of the genus, was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR in hexane extracts; in the aqueous extract they were not observed with the same analytical platform. These findings suggest that the traditional infusion method may not effectively extract the above-mentioned key bioactive compounds. This approach enhances quality control and ensures the reliability of <i>A. adstringens</i> products in the commercial market.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2185<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>cuachalalate<sup>1</sup>H NMRmetabolomics profiling3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acidanacardic acids |
| spellingShingle | Erick Alejandro Herrera-Jurado Estefanía De Jesús Terán-Sánchez José Iván Serrano-Contreras L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) Molecules <i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i> cuachalalate <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolomics profiling 3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid anacardic acids |
| title | <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) |
| title_full | <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) |
| title_fullStr | <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) |
| title_short | <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Retail Samples of Cuachalalate (<i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i>) |
| title_sort | sup 1 sup h nuclear magnetic resonance based targeted and untargeted metabolomics profiling of retail samples of cuachalalate i amphipterygium adstringens i |
| topic | <i>Amphipterygium adstringens</i> cuachalalate <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolomics profiling 3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid anacardic acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2185 |
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