Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology

Abstract Objective This study aims to identify potential target genes of luteolin (LUT) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through integrated in vitro experiments, network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods Potential LUT-associated therapeutic targ...

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Main Authors: Yunqi Han, Huijun Wu, Xin Zhang, Wei Lv, Yang Xiong, Xinyuan Tian, Yunfeng Xiao, Hongwei Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03144-4
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author Yunqi Han
Huijun Wu
Xin Zhang
Wei Lv
Yang Xiong
Xinyuan Tian
Yunfeng Xiao
Hongwei Cui
author_facet Yunqi Han
Huijun Wu
Xin Zhang
Wei Lv
Yang Xiong
Xinyuan Tian
Yunfeng Xiao
Hongwei Cui
author_sort Yunqi Han
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to identify potential target genes of luteolin (LUT) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through integrated in vitro experiments, network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods Potential LUT-associated therapeutic targets for HCC were predicted using network pharmacology. The anti-HCC effects of LUT were evaluated in vitro by assessing its impact on SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LUT-treated HepG2 cells, followed by bioinformatics analyses to validate hub targets and their associated pathways. Result Network pharmacology predicted 100 potential protein targets of LUT for HCC treatment, implicating pathways related to inflammation, cell migration, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, including the HIF-1α signaling axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LUT (40, 60, and 90 µmol·L−¹) significantly inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Transcriptome analysis identified 975 DEGs in LUT-treated HepG2 cells, with MMP9 and SRC emerging as key targets. Bioinformatics validation further linked LUT’s anti-HCC effects to cell cycle modulation, wound healing, enzyme inhibition, and the TNFα and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion LLUT suppresses HCC progression by inhibiting proliferation, regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, and blocking invasion and migration. Its therapeutic mechanisms likely involve targeting MMP9 and modulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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spelling doaj-art-4c457f59ded14295b465e2cfa767496e2025-08-20T04:02:54ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-08-0116111510.1007/s12672-025-03144-4Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technologyYunqi Han0Huijun Wu1Xin Zhang2Wei Lv3Yang Xiong4Xinyuan Tian5Yunfeng Xiao6Hongwei Cui7Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Fourth Hospital (Chest Hospital)Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Inner MongoliaDepartment of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ordos Central HospitalPeking University cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital (Inner Mongolia medical university affiliated tumor hospitalï)Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityPeking University cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital (Inner Mongolia medical university affiliated tumor hospitalï)Abstract Objective This study aims to identify potential target genes of luteolin (LUT) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through integrated in vitro experiments, network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods Potential LUT-associated therapeutic targets for HCC were predicted using network pharmacology. The anti-HCC effects of LUT were evaluated in vitro by assessing its impact on SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LUT-treated HepG2 cells, followed by bioinformatics analyses to validate hub targets and their associated pathways. Result Network pharmacology predicted 100 potential protein targets of LUT for HCC treatment, implicating pathways related to inflammation, cell migration, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, including the HIF-1α signaling axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LUT (40, 60, and 90 µmol·L−¹) significantly inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Transcriptome analysis identified 975 DEGs in LUT-treated HepG2 cells, with MMP9 and SRC emerging as key targets. Bioinformatics validation further linked LUT’s anti-HCC effects to cell cycle modulation, wound healing, enzyme inhibition, and the TNFα and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion LLUT suppresses HCC progression by inhibiting proliferation, regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, and blocking invasion and migration. Its therapeutic mechanisms likely involve targeting MMP9 and modulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03144-4Hepatocellular carcinomaLuteolinTranscriptomicsNetwork pharmacologySignaling pathway
spellingShingle Yunqi Han
Huijun Wu
Xin Zhang
Wei Lv
Yang Xiong
Xinyuan Tian
Yunfeng Xiao
Hongwei Cui
Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
Discover Oncology
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Luteolin
Transcriptomics
Network pharmacology
Signaling pathway
title Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
title_full Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
title_fullStr Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
title_full_unstemmed Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
title_short Identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
title_sort identification of potential molecular targets of luteolin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing technology
topic Hepatocellular carcinoma
Luteolin
Transcriptomics
Network pharmacology
Signaling pathway
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03144-4
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