THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Background: As the population ages, the issue of cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly worrisome, especially with the rise in conditions like multiple chronic diseases and loss of smell among the elderly. Purpose: The goal of this research is to explore how multiple chronic diseases, sense o...
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Universitas Airlangga
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi |
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| Online Access: | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBE/article/view/65169 |
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| author | Kevin Kristian Gennesia Vebriana Nicholas Hardi Yuda Turana Yvonne Suzy Handajani |
| author_facet | Kevin Kristian Gennesia Vebriana Nicholas Hardi Yuda Turana Yvonne Suzy Handajani |
| author_sort | Kevin Kristian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: As the population ages, the issue of cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly worrisome, especially with the rise in conditions like multiple chronic diseases and loss of smell among the elderly. Purpose: The goal of this research is to explore how multiple chronic diseases, sense of smell, and cognitive impairment are linked among the senior population. Methods: This study involved 128 individuals at a senior community in Jakarta with an average age of 68.34 years. The presence of multiple chronic diseases was determined by looking for highest prevalence of disease pairs, and the sense of smell was tested with an 8-smell test. Cognitive function was measured with the CERAD questionnaire, with a score below 52 indicating cognitive impairment. The analysis included Chi-square tests at a 95% confidence level. Results: The findings suggest a clear link between lower levels of education and cognitive impairment (p=0.018; OR=3.214), as well as between loss of smell and cognitive deterioration (p=0.049; OR=2.565). However, having more than three chronic diseases was found to significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment (p=0.018; OR=2.678), but there was no significance to support that certain disease pairs were more likely to lead to cognitive impairment. Conclusion: This research underscores the significance of sense of smell and the presence of multiple chronic diseases, especially in greater numbers, as major risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4c453dca79f34a76aebb42371395317a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2301-7171 2541-092X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi |
| spelling | doaj-art-4c453dca79f34a76aebb42371395317a2025-08-20T03:09:00ZengUniversitas AirlanggaJurnal Berkala Epidemiologi2301-71712541-092X2025-05-0113219320010.20473/jbe.V13I22025.193-20063337THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTKevin Kristian0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-227XGennesia Vebriana1Nicholas Hardi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-7840Yuda Turana3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-0285Yvonne Suzy Handajani4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-9354Atma Jaya Ageing Research Centre, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia / Department of Public Health and Nutrition, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Nutrition, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia / Atma Jaya Neuroscience and Cognitive Centre, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaAtma Jaya Ageing Research Centre, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia / Centre of Health Research, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaBackground: As the population ages, the issue of cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly worrisome, especially with the rise in conditions like multiple chronic diseases and loss of smell among the elderly. Purpose: The goal of this research is to explore how multiple chronic diseases, sense of smell, and cognitive impairment are linked among the senior population. Methods: This study involved 128 individuals at a senior community in Jakarta with an average age of 68.34 years. The presence of multiple chronic diseases was determined by looking for highest prevalence of disease pairs, and the sense of smell was tested with an 8-smell test. Cognitive function was measured with the CERAD questionnaire, with a score below 52 indicating cognitive impairment. The analysis included Chi-square tests at a 95% confidence level. Results: The findings suggest a clear link between lower levels of education and cognitive impairment (p=0.018; OR=3.214), as well as between loss of smell and cognitive deterioration (p=0.049; OR=2.565). However, having more than three chronic diseases was found to significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment (p=0.018; OR=2.678), but there was no significance to support that certain disease pairs were more likely to lead to cognitive impairment. Conclusion: This research underscores the significance of sense of smell and the presence of multiple chronic diseases, especially in greater numbers, as major risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBE/article/view/65169olfactorymultimorbiditycognitive impairmentolder adults |
| spellingShingle | Kevin Kristian Gennesia Vebriana Nicholas Hardi Yuda Turana Yvonne Suzy Handajani THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi olfactory multimorbidity cognitive impairment older adults |
| title | THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT |
| title_full | THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT |
| title_fullStr | THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT |
| title_full_unstemmed | THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT |
| title_short | THE ROLE OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT |
| title_sort | role of olfactory function and multimorbidity in cognitive impairment |
| topic | olfactory multimorbidity cognitive impairment older adults |
| url | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBE/article/view/65169 |
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