<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> Reprograms CIK Cell Metabolism via T3SS Effector VopS to Promote Host Cell Ferroptosis

<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> Reprograms CIK Cell Metabolism via T3SS Effector VopS to Promote Host Cell Ferroptosis

<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> is a Gram-negative pathogen of both marine animals and humans, resulting in significant losses for the aquaculture industry. Emerging evidence indicates that <i>V. alginolyticus</i> manipulates cell death for its pathogenicity, but the underlying m...

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Main Authors: Weijie Zhang, Chao Huang, Zhihang Chen, Dawei Song, Yujia Zhang, Shuai Yang, Na Wang, Jichang Jian, Huanying Pang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>
T3SS
<i>vopS</i>
metabolomics
ferroptosis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3250
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Summary:<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> is a Gram-negative pathogen of both marine animals and humans, resulting in significant losses for the aquaculture industry. Emerging evidence indicates that <i>V. alginolyticus</i> manipulates cell death for its pathogenicity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a gene designated <i>vopS</i> in <i>V. alginolyticus</i> HY9901 was identified, which was predicted to encode the T3SS effector protein. To determine whether VopS contributes to the pathogenesis of <i>V. alginolyticus</i>, the Δ<i>vopS</i> mutant strain was constructed and phenotypically characterized. The deletion of VopS not only reduced the ability to secrete extracellular proteases and virulence but also affected the expression of the T3SS genes. Furthermore, VopS was cytotoxic and induced apoptosis, as confirmed by elevated LDH and the activation of caspase-3. Metabolomic analysis revealed considerable metabolomic disruptions upon <i>V. alginolyticus</i> infection. The VopS effector induced host cell ferroptosis by promoting the synthesis of adrenic acid, depleting cellular glutathione, and subsequently increasing the accumulation of ferrous (Fe<sup>2+</sup>). Taken together, our findings provide that the VopS effector is an essential virulence factor of <i>V. alginolyticus</i>, which can lead to ferroptosis.
ISSN:2076-2615

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