Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.

Measles poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where vaccination coverage is limited. This study examined factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children aged 2-15 years at the University Teaching Children's Hospital and the...

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Main Authors: Priscilla Nkonde Gardner, Jimmy Hangoma, Cephas Sialubanje, Musole Chipoya, Lillian Lamba, Musaku Mwenechanya, Rodgers Chilyabanyama, Mpanga Kasonde, Davie Simwaba, Muzala Kapina, Soo Young, Kelvin Mwangilwa, Roma Chilengi, Isaac Fwemba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLOS Global Public Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003954
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author Priscilla Nkonde Gardner
Jimmy Hangoma
Cephas Sialubanje
Musole Chipoya
Lillian Lamba
Musaku Mwenechanya
Rodgers Chilyabanyama
Mpanga Kasonde
Davie Simwaba
Muzala Kapina
Soo Young
Kelvin Mwangilwa
Roma Chilengi
Isaac Fwemba
author_facet Priscilla Nkonde Gardner
Jimmy Hangoma
Cephas Sialubanje
Musole Chipoya
Lillian Lamba
Musaku Mwenechanya
Rodgers Chilyabanyama
Mpanga Kasonde
Davie Simwaba
Muzala Kapina
Soo Young
Kelvin Mwangilwa
Roma Chilengi
Isaac Fwemba
author_sort Priscilla Nkonde Gardner
collection DOAJ
description Measles poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where vaccination coverage is limited. This study examined factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children aged 2-15 years at the University Teaching Children's Hospital and the HIV Pediatric Centre of Excellence in Lusaka, Zambia. This comparative analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2024, enrolling 200 children, including 100 HIV-positive and 100 HIV-negative participants. All children had received at least two doses of a measles-containing vaccine and had no history of measles infection in the past six months. Blood samples were analyzed for measles immunity, while data on age, HIV status, breastfeeding history, and socio-demographic factors were collected. Among HIV-negative children, 75% retained immunity, whereas only 38% of HIV-positive children retained immunity. Multivariate logistic regression showed that children aged 10-15 years were less likely to retain immunity compared to those aged 2-4 years (AOR = 0.270, 95% CI [0.114-0.618], p = 0.002). HIV-positive children had lower odds of retaining immunity compared to HIV-negative children (AOR = 0.290, 95% CI [0.137-0.594], p < 0.001). Breastfed children had higher immunity retention (AOR = 0.336, 95% CI [0.147-0.738], p = 0.007) compared to non-breastfed children. Residing in Lusaka was associated with lower immunity retention (AOR = 0.250, 95% CI [0.066-0.859], p = 0.031). These findings highlight the protective role of breastfeeding and suggest that older and HIV-infected children may benefit from booster doses to sustain measles immunity.
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spelling doaj-art-4c13fe92bcb74af89ef4030702d69d102025-08-20T03:53:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752025-01-0154e000395410.1371/journal.pgph.0003954Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.Priscilla Nkonde GardnerJimmy HangomaCephas SialubanjeMusole ChipoyaLillian LambaMusaku MwenechanyaRodgers ChilyabanyamaMpanga KasondeDavie SimwabaMuzala KapinaSoo YoungKelvin MwangilwaRoma ChilengiIsaac FwembaMeasles poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where vaccination coverage is limited. This study examined factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children aged 2-15 years at the University Teaching Children's Hospital and the HIV Pediatric Centre of Excellence in Lusaka, Zambia. This comparative analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2024, enrolling 200 children, including 100 HIV-positive and 100 HIV-negative participants. All children had received at least two doses of a measles-containing vaccine and had no history of measles infection in the past six months. Blood samples were analyzed for measles immunity, while data on age, HIV status, breastfeeding history, and socio-demographic factors were collected. Among HIV-negative children, 75% retained immunity, whereas only 38% of HIV-positive children retained immunity. Multivariate logistic regression showed that children aged 10-15 years were less likely to retain immunity compared to those aged 2-4 years (AOR = 0.270, 95% CI [0.114-0.618], p = 0.002). HIV-positive children had lower odds of retaining immunity compared to HIV-negative children (AOR = 0.290, 95% CI [0.137-0.594], p < 0.001). Breastfed children had higher immunity retention (AOR = 0.336, 95% CI [0.147-0.738], p = 0.007) compared to non-breastfed children. Residing in Lusaka was associated with lower immunity retention (AOR = 0.250, 95% CI [0.066-0.859], p = 0.031). These findings highlight the protective role of breastfeeding and suggest that older and HIV-infected children may benefit from booster doses to sustain measles immunity.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003954
spellingShingle Priscilla Nkonde Gardner
Jimmy Hangoma
Cephas Sialubanje
Musole Chipoya
Lillian Lamba
Musaku Mwenechanya
Rodgers Chilyabanyama
Mpanga Kasonde
Davie Simwaba
Muzala Kapina
Soo Young
Kelvin Mwangilwa
Roma Chilengi
Isaac Fwemba
Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
PLOS Global Public Health
title Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
title_full Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
title_fullStr Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
title_short Factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia.
title_sort factors associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity in children at university teaching hospitals lusaka zambia
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003954
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