Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages

Climate change is causing wildfires to become more frequent and intense. While predicting burned areas using bioclimatic and anthropogenic factors is an active research area, few studies have examined what drives the economic damages of wildfires. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing key fac...

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Main Authors: Yi-Ling Hwong, Edward Byers, Michaela Werning, Yann Quilcaille
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Climate
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adec11
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author Yi-Ling Hwong
Edward Byers
Michaela Werning
Yann Quilcaille
author_facet Yi-Ling Hwong
Edward Byers
Michaela Werning
Yann Quilcaille
author_sort Yi-Ling Hwong
collection DOAJ
description Climate change is causing wildfires to become more frequent and intense. While predicting burned areas using bioclimatic and anthropogenic factors is an active research area, few studies have examined what drives the economic damages of wildfires. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing key factors influencing global economic wildfire damages and projecting future damages under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We apply regression analyses to identify significant predictors of economic wildfire damages at country levels and use the fitted model to project future damages under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP370. Results show that the human vulnerability index (HVI), reflecting socioeconomic conditions, is the strongest predictor of historical wildfire damages, followed by water vapor pressure deficit during the fire season and population density around forested areas. We found high population density to be associated with lower damages. These findings contrast with studies of burned areas, where climate factors are more dominant. Our model projects that by 2070, average global economic wildfire damages will be three times higher under SSP370 than SSP126. Our model also shows that following SSP126 not only reduces wildfire damages but also lessens the inequalities in damage distribution across countries. This pathway’s dual focus on equitable socioeconomic progress and climate action potentially enhances a country’s resilience that helps mitigate wildfire damages. Our analyses also indicate that strong socioeconomic development can offset wildfire damages associated with climate hazards, although this is less certain under SSP370. SSP126’s integrated approach improves both socioeconomic conditions and limits global warming, providing substantial benefits to less developed countries while still reducing damages in developed nations, despite their already low HVI scores. Our work complements existing research on burned areas and underscores the importance of sustainable development and international collaboration in reducing the economic damages of wildfires.
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spelling doaj-art-4c0afe0c09c24b0daf93f68df6749d432025-08-20T03:25:12ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Climate2752-52952025-01-014303500510.1088/2752-5295/adec11Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damagesYi-Ling Hwong0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-3479Edward Byers1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-5742Michaela Werning2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-9608Yann Quilcaille3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-0144International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Schlossplatz 1, 2362 Laxenburg, Austria; Institute of Science and Technology Austria , Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, AustriaInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Schlossplatz 1, 2362 Laxenburg, AustriaInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Schlossplatz 1, 2362 Laxenburg, AustriaDepartment of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandClimate change is causing wildfires to become more frequent and intense. While predicting burned areas using bioclimatic and anthropogenic factors is an active research area, few studies have examined what drives the economic damages of wildfires. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing key factors influencing global economic wildfire damages and projecting future damages under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We apply regression analyses to identify significant predictors of economic wildfire damages at country levels and use the fitted model to project future damages under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP370. Results show that the human vulnerability index (HVI), reflecting socioeconomic conditions, is the strongest predictor of historical wildfire damages, followed by water vapor pressure deficit during the fire season and population density around forested areas. We found high population density to be associated with lower damages. These findings contrast with studies of burned areas, where climate factors are more dominant. Our model projects that by 2070, average global economic wildfire damages will be three times higher under SSP370 than SSP126. Our model also shows that following SSP126 not only reduces wildfire damages but also lessens the inequalities in damage distribution across countries. This pathway’s dual focus on equitable socioeconomic progress and climate action potentially enhances a country’s resilience that helps mitigate wildfire damages. Our analyses also indicate that strong socioeconomic development can offset wildfire damages associated with climate hazards, although this is less certain under SSP370. SSP126’s integrated approach improves both socioeconomic conditions and limits global warming, providing substantial benefits to less developed countries while still reducing damages in developed nations, despite their already low HVI scores. Our work complements existing research on burned areas and underscores the importance of sustainable development and international collaboration in reducing the economic damages of wildfires.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adec11wildfireeconomic damageclimate changevapor pressure deficitshared socioeconomic pathways
spellingShingle Yi-Ling Hwong
Edward Byers
Michaela Werning
Yann Quilcaille
Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
Environmental Research: Climate
wildfire
economic damage
climate change
vapor pressure deficit
shared socioeconomic pathways
title Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
title_full Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
title_fullStr Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
title_short Sustainable development key to limiting climate change-driven wildfire damages
title_sort sustainable development key to limiting climate change driven wildfire damages
topic wildfire
economic damage
climate change
vapor pressure deficit
shared socioeconomic pathways
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adec11
work_keys_str_mv AT yilinghwong sustainabledevelopmentkeytolimitingclimatechangedrivenwildfiredamages
AT edwardbyers sustainabledevelopmentkeytolimitingclimatechangedrivenwildfiredamages
AT michaelawerning sustainabledevelopmentkeytolimitingclimatechangedrivenwildfiredamages
AT yannquilcaille sustainabledevelopmentkeytolimitingclimatechangedrivenwildfiredamages