Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma

Abstract Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is one of the most prevalent cancer in children in sub-Saharan Africa, and while prior studies have found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type and variation may alter the tumor driver genes necessary for tumor survival, the precise relationship between EBV varia...

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Main Authors: Isaac E. Kim, Abebe A. Fola, Enrique Puig, Titus Kipkemboi Maina, Sin Ting Hui, Hongyu Ma, Kaleb Zuckerman, Eddy O. Agwati, Alec Leonetti, Rebecca Crudale, Micah A. Luftig, Ann M. Moormann, Cliff Oduor, Jeffrey A. Bailey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94737-0
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author Isaac E. Kim
Abebe A. Fola
Enrique Puig
Titus Kipkemboi Maina
Sin Ting Hui
Hongyu Ma
Kaleb Zuckerman
Eddy O. Agwati
Alec Leonetti
Rebecca Crudale
Micah A. Luftig
Ann M. Moormann
Cliff Oduor
Jeffrey A. Bailey
author_facet Isaac E. Kim
Abebe A. Fola
Enrique Puig
Titus Kipkemboi Maina
Sin Ting Hui
Hongyu Ma
Kaleb Zuckerman
Eddy O. Agwati
Alec Leonetti
Rebecca Crudale
Micah A. Luftig
Ann M. Moormann
Cliff Oduor
Jeffrey A. Bailey
author_sort Isaac E. Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is one of the most prevalent cancer in children in sub-Saharan Africa, and while prior studies have found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type and variation may alter the tumor driver genes necessary for tumor survival, the precise relationship between EBV variation and EBV-associated tumorigenesis remains unclear due to lack of scalable, cost-effective, viral whole-genome sequencing from tumor samples. This study introduces a rapid and cost-effective method of enriching, sequencing, and assembling accurate EBV genomes in BL tumor cell lines through a combination of selective whole genome amplification (sWGA) and subsequent 2-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction along with long-read sequencing with a portable sequencer. The method was optimized across a range of parameters to yield a high percentage of EBV reads and sufficient coverage across the EBV genome except for large repeat regions. After optimization, we applied our method to sequence 18 cell lines and 3 patient tumors from fine needle biopsies and assembled them with median coverages of 99.62 and 99.68%, respectively. The assemblies showed high concordance (99.61% similarity) to available Illumina-based assemblies. The improved method and assembly pipeline will allow for better understanding of EBV variation in relation to BL and is applicable more broadly for translational research studies, especially useful for laboratories in Africa where eBL is most widespread.
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spelling doaj-art-4bf39fff00f8484da56c02cf6264f9d42025-08-20T01:52:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-94737-0Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphomaIsaac E. Kim0Abebe A. Fola1Enrique Puig2Titus Kipkemboi Maina3Sin Ting Hui4Hongyu Ma5Kaleb Zuckerman6Eddy O. Agwati7Alec Leonetti8Rebecca Crudale9Micah A. Luftig10Ann M. Moormann11Cliff Oduor12Jeffrey A. Bailey13Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown UniversityCenter for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown UniversityCenter for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityCenter for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown UniversityDepartment of Zoology, Maseno UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of MedicineDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown UniversityCenter for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown UniversityAbstract Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is one of the most prevalent cancer in children in sub-Saharan Africa, and while prior studies have found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type and variation may alter the tumor driver genes necessary for tumor survival, the precise relationship between EBV variation and EBV-associated tumorigenesis remains unclear due to lack of scalable, cost-effective, viral whole-genome sequencing from tumor samples. This study introduces a rapid and cost-effective method of enriching, sequencing, and assembling accurate EBV genomes in BL tumor cell lines through a combination of selective whole genome amplification (sWGA) and subsequent 2-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction along with long-read sequencing with a portable sequencer. The method was optimized across a range of parameters to yield a high percentage of EBV reads and sufficient coverage across the EBV genome except for large repeat regions. After optimization, we applied our method to sequence 18 cell lines and 3 patient tumors from fine needle biopsies and assembled them with median coverages of 99.62 and 99.68%, respectively. The assemblies showed high concordance (99.61% similarity) to available Illumina-based assemblies. The improved method and assembly pipeline will allow for better understanding of EBV variation in relation to BL and is applicable more broadly for translational research studies, especially useful for laboratories in Africa where eBL is most widespread.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94737-0Epstein-Barr virusBurkitt lymphomaSelective whole genome amplificationOxford nanopore technologiesLong-read sequencing
spellingShingle Isaac E. Kim
Abebe A. Fola
Enrique Puig
Titus Kipkemboi Maina
Sin Ting Hui
Hongyu Ma
Kaleb Zuckerman
Eddy O. Agwati
Alec Leonetti
Rebecca Crudale
Micah A. Luftig
Ann M. Moormann
Cliff Oduor
Jeffrey A. Bailey
Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
Scientific Reports
Epstein-Barr virus
Burkitt lymphoma
Selective whole genome amplification
Oxford nanopore technologies
Long-read sequencing
title Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
title_full Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
title_fullStr Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
title_short Comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt lymphoma
title_sort comparison of nanopore with illumina whole genome assemblies of the epstein barr virus in burkitt lymphoma
topic Epstein-Barr virus
Burkitt lymphoma
Selective whole genome amplification
Oxford nanopore technologies
Long-read sequencing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94737-0
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