Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects
Breast cancer (BC) remains a complex and widespread problem, affecting millions of women worldwide, Among the various subtypes of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly challenging, representing approximately 20% of all BC cases, and the survival rate of TNBC patients is generally...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1561464/full |
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| author | Prashant Kumar Tiwari Anis Ahmad Chaudhary Saurabh Gupta Mandeep Chouhan Himanshu Narayan Singh Sarvesh Rustagi Salah-Ud-Din Khan Sanjay Kumar |
| author_facet | Prashant Kumar Tiwari Anis Ahmad Chaudhary Saurabh Gupta Mandeep Chouhan Himanshu Narayan Singh Sarvesh Rustagi Salah-Ud-Din Khan Sanjay Kumar |
| author_sort | Prashant Kumar Tiwari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer (BC) remains a complex and widespread problem, affecting millions of women worldwide, Among the various subtypes of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly challenging, representing approximately 20% of all BC cases, and the survival rate of TNBC patients is generally worse than other subtypes of BC. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of expression of three receptors: estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), resulting conventional hormonal therapies are ineffective for its management. Despite various therapeutic approaches have been explored, but no definitive solution has been found yet for TNBC. Current treatments options are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, although, these therapies have some limitations, such as the development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and off-target toxicity, which remain primary obstacles and significant challenges for TNBC. Several findings have shown that EVs exhibit significant therapeutic promise in many diseases, and a similar important role has been observed in various types of tumor. Studies suggest that EVs may offer a potential solution for the management of TNBC. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of EVs in TNBC, emphasizing their involvement in disease progression, diagnosis and therapeutic approach, as well as their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4beadedcdba44f62a3e4f94872deb9c2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4beadedcdba44f62a3e4f94872deb9c22025-08-20T02:11:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2025-04-011210.3389/fmolb.2025.15614641561464Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospectsPrashant Kumar Tiwari0Anis Ahmad Chaudhary1Saurabh Gupta2Mandeep Chouhan3Himanshu Narayan Singh4Sarvesh Rustagi5Salah-Ud-Din Khan6Sanjay Kumar7Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBiological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBiological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBreast cancer (BC) remains a complex and widespread problem, affecting millions of women worldwide, Among the various subtypes of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly challenging, representing approximately 20% of all BC cases, and the survival rate of TNBC patients is generally worse than other subtypes of BC. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of expression of three receptors: estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), resulting conventional hormonal therapies are ineffective for its management. Despite various therapeutic approaches have been explored, but no definitive solution has been found yet for TNBC. Current treatments options are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, although, these therapies have some limitations, such as the development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and off-target toxicity, which remain primary obstacles and significant challenges for TNBC. Several findings have shown that EVs exhibit significant therapeutic promise in many diseases, and a similar important role has been observed in various types of tumor. Studies suggest that EVs may offer a potential solution for the management of TNBC. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of EVs in TNBC, emphasizing their involvement in disease progression, diagnosis and therapeutic approach, as well as their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1561464/fullextracellular vesiclesbiomarkerstherapeutic challengesnon-coding RNAsdrug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Prashant Kumar Tiwari Anis Ahmad Chaudhary Saurabh Gupta Mandeep Chouhan Himanshu Narayan Singh Sarvesh Rustagi Salah-Ud-Din Khan Sanjay Kumar Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences extracellular vesicles biomarkers therapeutic challenges non-coding RNAs drug delivery |
| title | Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects |
| title_full | Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects |
| title_short | Extracellular vesicles in triple-negative breast cancer: current updates, challenges and future prospects |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles in triple negative breast cancer current updates challenges and future prospects |
| topic | extracellular vesicles biomarkers therapeutic challenges non-coding RNAs drug delivery |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1561464/full |
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