An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties
Abstract This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and bio-functional potential of carbon dots (CDs) derived from Amaranthus tricolor (AT-CDs). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds while quantitative assays revealed a TPC of 157.2 ± 8 mg TAE/g extract and T...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06936-z |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850268942109507584 |
|---|---|
| author | Sapam Riches Singh Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi Bothe Thokchom Megha B. Abbigeri Akshata Choudhari Padti Akshata Yadawad B. P. Harini Chandramohan Govindasamy Khalid M. Almutairi Ramesh Babu Yarajarla |
| author_facet | Sapam Riches Singh Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi Bothe Thokchom Megha B. Abbigeri Akshata Choudhari Padti Akshata Yadawad B. P. Harini Chandramohan Govindasamy Khalid M. Almutairi Ramesh Babu Yarajarla |
| author_sort | Sapam Riches Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and bio-functional potential of carbon dots (CDs) derived from Amaranthus tricolor (AT-CDs). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds while quantitative assays revealed a TPC of 157.2 ± 8 mg TAE/g extract and TFC of 457.4 ± 38 mg quercetin/g extract. AT-CDs exhibited a characteristic UV–Vis absorption peak at 317 nm, with fluorescence spectra showing excitation-dependent emission. FTIR analysis identified presence of key functional groups like –OH, –C = O, and –CN, corroborating the bioactive surface chemistry. DLS indicated a Z-average particle size of 214.4 nm, while zeta potential measurements (67.7 mV) confirmed high colloidal stability. TEM analysis revealed a uniform size distribution with a mean particle size of 3.2 ± 0.02 nm. Antioxidant assays demonstrated IC50 values of 67.36 µg mL−1 for DPPH and 360.65 µg mL−1 for H2O2 scavenging, reflecting concentration-dependent radical neutralization. Coagulation assays showed a significant prolongation of prothrombin time (55 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time (58 s) at 200 µg mL−1, highlighting anticoagulant potential. These findings suggest that AT-CDs, with their multifunctional properties and bioactivity, are promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly in oxidative stress management, drug delivery, and haemostasis modulation. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4bd95ab59518470ca9896e4b9de03ef1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4bd95ab59518470ca9896e4b9de03ef12025-08-20T01:53:19ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-05-017611710.1007/s42452-025-06936-zAn evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical propertiesSapam Riches Singh0Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi1Bothe Thokchom2Megha B. Abbigeri3Akshata Choudhari Padti4Akshata Yadawad5B. P. Harini6Chandramohan Govindasamy7Khalid M. Almutairi8Ramesh Babu Yarajarla9Drosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityDepartment of Zoology and Centre for Applied Genetics, Bangalore UniversityDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDrosophila and Nano-biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak UniversityAbstract This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and bio-functional potential of carbon dots (CDs) derived from Amaranthus tricolor (AT-CDs). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds while quantitative assays revealed a TPC of 157.2 ± 8 mg TAE/g extract and TFC of 457.4 ± 38 mg quercetin/g extract. AT-CDs exhibited a characteristic UV–Vis absorption peak at 317 nm, with fluorescence spectra showing excitation-dependent emission. FTIR analysis identified presence of key functional groups like –OH, –C = O, and –CN, corroborating the bioactive surface chemistry. DLS indicated a Z-average particle size of 214.4 nm, while zeta potential measurements (67.7 mV) confirmed high colloidal stability. TEM analysis revealed a uniform size distribution with a mean particle size of 3.2 ± 0.02 nm. Antioxidant assays demonstrated IC50 values of 67.36 µg mL−1 for DPPH and 360.65 µg mL−1 for H2O2 scavenging, reflecting concentration-dependent radical neutralization. Coagulation assays showed a significant prolongation of prothrombin time (55 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time (58 s) at 200 µg mL−1, highlighting anticoagulant potential. These findings suggest that AT-CDs, with their multifunctional properties and bioactivity, are promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly in oxidative stress management, drug delivery, and haemostasis modulation. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06936-zCarbon dotsAmaranthus tricolorGreen synthesisOxidative stressCoagulation assays |
| spellingShingle | Sapam Riches Singh Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi Bothe Thokchom Megha B. Abbigeri Akshata Choudhari Padti Akshata Yadawad B. P. Harini Chandramohan Govindasamy Khalid M. Almutairi Ramesh Babu Yarajarla An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties Discover Applied Sciences Carbon dots Amaranthus tricolor Green synthesis Oxidative stress Coagulation assays |
| title | An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties |
| title_full | An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties |
| title_fullStr | An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties |
| title_short | An evaluation of carbon dots derived from Amaranthus tricolor (L.) leaves for their physicochemical, photoluminescent, and biomedical properties |
| title_sort | evaluation of carbon dots derived from amaranthus tricolor l leaves for their physicochemical photoluminescent and biomedical properties |
| topic | Carbon dots Amaranthus tricolor Green synthesis Oxidative stress Coagulation assays |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06936-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sapamrichessingh anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT santoshmallikarjunbhavi anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT bothethokchom anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT meghababbigeri anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT akshatachoudharipadti anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT akshatayadawad anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT bpharini anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT chandramohangovindasamy anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT khalidmalmutairi anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT rameshbabuyarajarla anevaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT sapamrichessingh evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT santoshmallikarjunbhavi evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT bothethokchom evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT meghababbigeri evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT akshatachoudharipadti evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT akshatayadawad evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT bpharini evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT chandramohangovindasamy evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT khalidmalmutairi evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties AT rameshbabuyarajarla evaluationofcarbondotsderivedfromamaranthustricolorlleavesfortheirphysicochemicalphotoluminescentandbiomedicalproperties |