Impact of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Variant Infection on the Nasopharyngeal Commensal Bacterial Microbiome of Individuals from the Brazilian Amazon

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Variant Infection on the Nasopharyngeal Commensal Bacterial Microbiome of Individuals from the Brazilian Amazon

It is important to understand which bacterial taxa are most abundant during SARS-CoV-2 infection and to promote mitigation strategies for conditions subsequent to infection. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their family contacts (uninfected and as...

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Main Authors: Amanda Mendes Silva Cruz, Jedson Ferreira Cardoso, Kenny Costa Pinheiro, Jessylene Almeida Ferreira, Luana Soares Barbagelata, Sandro Patroca Silva, Wanderley Dias Chagas Junior, Patrícia Santos Lobo, Dielle Monteiro Teixeira, Walter André Junior, Inaiah Ordenes Silva, Mirleide Cordeiro Santos, Luana Silva Soares Farias, Maisa Silva Sousa, Fernando Neto Tavares
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
SARS-CoV-2
P.1 variant
nasopharyngeal
alpha diversity
beta diversity
metagenomic
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1088
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Summary:It is important to understand which bacterial taxa are most abundant during SARS-CoV-2 infection and to promote mitigation strategies for conditions subsequent to infection. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their family contacts (uninfected and asymptomatic) during the outbreak of the P.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Parintins, Amazonas–Brazil, in March 2021. The samples were investigated by a shotgun sequencing metagenomic approach using the NextSeq 500 Illumina® system. The samples were stratified according to the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2, household group, sex, and age. Of the total of 63 individuals, 37 (58.73%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 26 (41.27%) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses (FLU, AdV, HBoV, HCoV, HMPV, RSV, PIV, HRV). The alpha diversity indexes Chao1, species observed, Simpson, and Inv Simpson demonstrated a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both the diversity of observed species and the abundance of some taxa between positive and negative individuals. We also observed an abundance of opportunists such as <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp, and <i>Shigella sonnei</i>, previously associated with the severity of COVID-19. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes changes in the microenvironment of the nasopharyngeal region, allowing greater proliferation of opportunistic bacteria and decreased abundance of commensal bacteria.
ISSN:2076-2607

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