From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins

Amoebozoa is a group of single-celled organisms that change their shape during locomotion. However, there is a taxon-specific complex of morphological characters inherent in the moving amoebae, known as locomotive forms. Actin is one of the proteins most important for amoeboid movement that, togethe...

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Main Authors: Ekaterina Volkova, Igor Pozdnyakov, Mikhail Petukhov, Valeriia Polezhaeva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1583
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author Ekaterina Volkova
Igor Pozdnyakov
Mikhail Petukhov
Valeriia Polezhaeva
author_facet Ekaterina Volkova
Igor Pozdnyakov
Mikhail Petukhov
Valeriia Polezhaeva
author_sort Ekaterina Volkova
collection DOAJ
description Amoebozoa is a group of single-celled organisms that change their shape during locomotion. However, there is a taxon-specific complex of morphological characters inherent in the moving amoebae, known as locomotive forms. Actin is one of the proteins most important for amoeboid movement that, together with actin-binding proteins, construct the architecture of the cytoskeleton in the amoeboid cells. One of the actin-binding proteins is the Arp2/3 complex that provides a connection between actin filaments at an angle of 70°. In this paper, we predicted 3D models of bonded subunits Arp2 and Arp3 for 30 species from different taxa of Amoebozoa based on the publicly available transcriptomic data. Moreover, we predicted the binding free energy (ΔG) of bonded subunits Arp2 and Arp3 for 30 species and tried to link it to the morphology of the locomotive forms of amoebae. The ΔG values are the lowest in amoebae with the broad hyaline area, like <i>Vannella</i> spp. Amoebae that produce thin hyaline projections, like <i>Vexillifera abyssalis</i>, are characterized by intermediate ΔG values. Finally, the highest ΔG values are typical for the group of amoebae that have no conspicuous hyaline areas of the cytoplasm, like <i>Pelomyxa shiedti</i>, or have small hyaline caps, like <i>Arcella intermedia</i>. The presented analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shape formation in amoeboid cells.
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spelling doaj-art-4bce03dbf6a6406091ba6ea927776b0a2025-08-20T02:43:29ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-12-011412158310.3390/biom14121583From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding ProteinsEkaterina Volkova0Igor Pozdnyakov1Mikhail Petukhov2Valeriia Polezhaeva3Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina 188300, RussiaZoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaAmoebozoa is a group of single-celled organisms that change their shape during locomotion. However, there is a taxon-specific complex of morphological characters inherent in the moving amoebae, known as locomotive forms. Actin is one of the proteins most important for amoeboid movement that, together with actin-binding proteins, construct the architecture of the cytoskeleton in the amoeboid cells. One of the actin-binding proteins is the Arp2/3 complex that provides a connection between actin filaments at an angle of 70°. In this paper, we predicted 3D models of bonded subunits Arp2 and Arp3 for 30 species from different taxa of Amoebozoa based on the publicly available transcriptomic data. Moreover, we predicted the binding free energy (ΔG) of bonded subunits Arp2 and Arp3 for 30 species and tried to link it to the morphology of the locomotive forms of amoebae. The ΔG values are the lowest in amoebae with the broad hyaline area, like <i>Vannella</i> spp. Amoebae that produce thin hyaline projections, like <i>Vexillifera abyssalis</i>, are characterized by intermediate ΔG values. Finally, the highest ΔG values are typical for the group of amoebae that have no conspicuous hyaline areas of the cytoplasm, like <i>Pelomyxa shiedti</i>, or have small hyaline caps, like <i>Arcella intermedia</i>. The presented analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shape formation in amoeboid cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1583Arp2/3free binding energyAmoebozoaamoeboid movementhyaloplasm
spellingShingle Ekaterina Volkova
Igor Pozdnyakov
Mikhail Petukhov
Valeriia Polezhaeva
From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
Biomolecules
Arp2/3
free binding energy
Amoebozoa
amoeboid movement
hyaloplasm
title From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
title_full From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
title_fullStr From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
title_full_unstemmed From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
title_short From Molecules to Amoeboid Movement: A New Way for Understanding the Morphology Through Actin-Binding Proteins
title_sort from molecules to amoeboid movement a new way for understanding the morphology through actin binding proteins
topic Arp2/3
free binding energy
Amoebozoa
amoeboid movement
hyaloplasm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1583
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AT mikhailpetukhov frommoleculestoamoeboidmovementanewwayforunderstandingthemorphologythroughactinbindingproteins
AT valeriiapolezhaeva frommoleculestoamoeboidmovementanewwayforunderstandingthemorphologythroughactinbindingproteins