Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis
In recent decades, the global vanadium (V) industry has been steadily growing, together with interest in the potential use of V compounds as therapeutics, leading to V release in the marine environment and making it an emerging pollutant. Since climate change can amplify the sensitivity of marine or...
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MDPI AG
2024-08-01
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| author | Chiara Martino Fabiana Geraci Rosaria Scudiero Giampaolo Barone Flores Naselli Roberto Chiarelli |
| author_facet | Chiara Martino Fabiana Geraci Rosaria Scudiero Giampaolo Barone Flores Naselli Roberto Chiarelli |
| author_sort | Chiara Martino |
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| description | In recent decades, the global vanadium (V) industry has been steadily growing, together with interest in the potential use of V compounds as therapeutics, leading to V release in the marine environment and making it an emerging pollutant. Since climate change can amplify the sensitivity of marine organisms already facing chemical contamination in coastal areas, here, for the first time, we investigated the combined impact of V and global warming conditions on the development of <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> sea urchin embryos. Embryo-larval bioassays were carried out in embryos exposed for 24 and 48 h to sodium orthovanadate (Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub>) under conditions of near-future ocean warming projections (+3 °C, 21 °C) and of extreme warming at present-day marine heatwave conditions (+6 °C, 24 °C), compared to the control temperature (18 °C). We found that the concomitant exposure to V and higher temperature caused an increased percentage of malformations, impaired skeleton growth, the induction of heat shock protein (HSP)-mediated cell stress response and the activation of apoptosis. We also found a time- and temperature-dependent increase in V bioaccumulation, with a concomitant reduction in intracellular calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup>). This work demonstrates that embryos’ sensitivity to V pollution is increased under global warming conditions, highlighting the need for studies on multiple stressors. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4bc6fe0edbae4e06ba428926b75eabae2025-08-20T01:55:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132024-08-011431130114210.3390/jox14030064Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and ApoptosisChiara Martino0Fabiana Geraci1Rosaria Scudiero2Giampaolo Barone3Flores Naselli4Roberto Chiarelli5Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyIn recent decades, the global vanadium (V) industry has been steadily growing, together with interest in the potential use of V compounds as therapeutics, leading to V release in the marine environment and making it an emerging pollutant. Since climate change can amplify the sensitivity of marine organisms already facing chemical contamination in coastal areas, here, for the first time, we investigated the combined impact of V and global warming conditions on the development of <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> sea urchin embryos. Embryo-larval bioassays were carried out in embryos exposed for 24 and 48 h to sodium orthovanadate (Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub>) under conditions of near-future ocean warming projections (+3 °C, 21 °C) and of extreme warming at present-day marine heatwave conditions (+6 °C, 24 °C), compared to the control temperature (18 °C). We found that the concomitant exposure to V and higher temperature caused an increased percentage of malformations, impaired skeleton growth, the induction of heat shock protein (HSP)-mediated cell stress response and the activation of apoptosis. We also found a time- and temperature-dependent increase in V bioaccumulation, with a concomitant reduction in intracellular calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup>). This work demonstrates that embryos’ sensitivity to V pollution is increased under global warming conditions, highlighting the need for studies on multiple stressors.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/3/64climate changemarine ecotoxicologyheat shock proteinsDNA fragmentationtoxicity biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Martino Fabiana Geraci Rosaria Scudiero Giampaolo Barone Flores Naselli Roberto Chiarelli Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis Journal of Xenobiotics climate change marine ecotoxicology heat shock proteins DNA fragmentation toxicity biomarkers |
| title | Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
| title_full | Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
| title_short | Vanadium Toxicity Is Altered by Global Warming Conditions in Sea Urchin Embryos: Metal Bioaccumulation, Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
| title_sort | vanadium toxicity is altered by global warming conditions in sea urchin embryos metal bioaccumulation cell stress response and apoptosis |
| topic | climate change marine ecotoxicology heat shock proteins DNA fragmentation toxicity biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/3/64 |
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