The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Minerals are essential for maintaining bone health; however, the relationship between specific mineral intakes and bone mineral density (BMD) remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to examine the associations between the intakes of dietary minerals, including calcium...

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Main Authors: Muyou Wei, Junjiang Wei, Shengsheng Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01010-1
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author Muyou Wei
Junjiang Wei
Shengsheng Huang
author_facet Muyou Wei
Junjiang Wei
Shengsheng Huang
author_sort Muyou Wei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objectives Minerals are essential for maintaining bone health; however, the relationship between specific mineral intakes and bone mineral density (BMD) remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to examine the associations between the intakes of dietary minerals, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and selenium (Se), and BMD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate weighted generalized linear regression and smooth curve fitting were applied to evaluate the associations between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to assess the consistency of these associations across different individual characteristics. Results A total of 11,520 representative adult participants were included in the study. Tertile-based categorical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the intakes of Ca [β: 0.0096, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): (0.0001, 0.0192)], Mg [β: 0.0207, 95% CI: (0.0107, 0.0307)], Fe [β: 0.0157, 95% CI: (0.0061, 0.0253)], Zn [β: 0.0106, 95% CI: (0.0020, 0.0192)], Cu [β: 0.0088, 95% CI: (0.0000, 0.0176)], Na [β: 0.0126, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0228)], and Se [β: 0.0123, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0221)] and BMD (all P < 0.05). Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analyses further demonstrated nonlinear relationships between mineral intakes and BMD. Subgroup analyses identified significant modulating effects of sex on the associations with Ca, Fe, and Na, as well as an interaction between diabetic status and Ca intake (all P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion This study elucidates the intricate relationships between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. These findings offer preliminary insights into the potential for tailored nutritional strategies in bone health management across diverse populations.
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spelling doaj-art-4bc2bcc1ee404e4d9e5c623c12d894752025-08-20T03:43:27ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-08-0144111210.1186/s41043-025-01010-1The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional studyMuyou Wei0Junjiang Wei1Shengsheng Huang2Department of orthopedics, Yizhou District Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalDepartment of orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityAbstract Objectives Minerals are essential for maintaining bone health; however, the relationship between specific mineral intakes and bone mineral density (BMD) remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to examine the associations between the intakes of dietary minerals, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and selenium (Se), and BMD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate weighted generalized linear regression and smooth curve fitting were applied to evaluate the associations between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to assess the consistency of these associations across different individual characteristics. Results A total of 11,520 representative adult participants were included in the study. Tertile-based categorical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the intakes of Ca [β: 0.0096, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): (0.0001, 0.0192)], Mg [β: 0.0207, 95% CI: (0.0107, 0.0307)], Fe [β: 0.0157, 95% CI: (0.0061, 0.0253)], Zn [β: 0.0106, 95% CI: (0.0020, 0.0192)], Cu [β: 0.0088, 95% CI: (0.0000, 0.0176)], Na [β: 0.0126, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0228)], and Se [β: 0.0123, 95% CI: (0.0024, 0.0221)] and BMD (all P < 0.05). Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analyses further demonstrated nonlinear relationships between mineral intakes and BMD. Subgroup analyses identified significant modulating effects of sex on the associations with Ca, Fe, and Na, as well as an interaction between diabetic status and Ca intake (all P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion This study elucidates the intricate relationships between dietary mineral intakes and BMD. These findings offer preliminary insights into the potential for tailored nutritional strategies in bone health management across diverse populations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01010-1Bone mineral densityDietary mineral intakesOsteoporosisCross-sectional studyNHANES
spellingShingle Muyou Wei
Junjiang Wei
Shengsheng Huang
The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Bone mineral density
Dietary mineral intakes
Osteoporosis
Cross-sectional study
NHANES
title The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
title_full The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
title_short The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
title_sort association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density a cross sectional study
topic Bone mineral density
Dietary mineral intakes
Osteoporosis
Cross-sectional study
NHANES
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01010-1
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