Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat

The decarbonization of industrial process heat is one of the bigger challenges of the global energy transition. Process heating accounts for about 20% of final energy demand in Germany, and the situation is similar in other industrialized nations around the globe. Process heating is indispensable in...

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Main Authors: Jörg Leicher, Anne Giese, Christoph Wieland
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:J
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8800/7/4/26
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author Jörg Leicher
Anne Giese
Christoph Wieland
author_facet Jörg Leicher
Anne Giese
Christoph Wieland
author_sort Jörg Leicher
collection DOAJ
description The decarbonization of industrial process heat is one of the bigger challenges of the global energy transition. Process heating accounts for about 20% of final energy demand in Germany, and the situation is similar in other industrialized nations around the globe. Process heating is indispensable in the manufacturing processes of products and materials encountered every day, ranging from food, beverages, paper and textiles, to metals, ceramics, glass and cement. At the same time, process heating is also responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, as it is heavily dependent on fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. Thus, process heating needs to be decarbonized. This review article explores the challenges of decarbonizing industrial process heat and then discusses two of the most promising options, the use of electric heating technologies and the substitution of fossil fuels with low-carbon hydrogen, in more detail. Both energy carriers have their specific benefits and drawbacks that have to be considered in the context of industrial decarbonization, but also in terms of necessary energy infrastructures. The focus is on high-temperature process heat (>400 °C) in energy-intensive basic materials industries, with examples from the metal and glass industries. Given the heterogeneity of industrial process heating, both electricity and hydrogen will likely be the most prominent energy carriers for decarbonized high-temperature process heat, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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spelling doaj-art-4bc06103d7484a0882b484789afa0ea52025-08-20T02:53:38ZengMDPI AGJ2571-88002024-10-017443945610.3390/j7040026Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process HeatJörg Leicher0Anne Giese1Christoph Wieland2Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V., 45356 Essen, GermanyGas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V., 45356 Essen, GermanyGas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V., 45356 Essen, GermanyThe decarbonization of industrial process heat is one of the bigger challenges of the global energy transition. Process heating accounts for about 20% of final energy demand in Germany, and the situation is similar in other industrialized nations around the globe. Process heating is indispensable in the manufacturing processes of products and materials encountered every day, ranging from food, beverages, paper and textiles, to metals, ceramics, glass and cement. At the same time, process heating is also responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, as it is heavily dependent on fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. Thus, process heating needs to be decarbonized. This review article explores the challenges of decarbonizing industrial process heat and then discusses two of the most promising options, the use of electric heating technologies and the substitution of fossil fuels with low-carbon hydrogen, in more detail. Both energy carriers have their specific benefits and drawbacks that have to be considered in the context of industrial decarbonization, but also in terms of necessary energy infrastructures. The focus is on high-temperature process heat (>400 °C) in energy-intensive basic materials industries, with examples from the metal and glass industries. Given the heterogeneity of industrial process heating, both electricity and hydrogen will likely be the most prominent energy carriers for decarbonized high-temperature process heat, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8800/7/4/26decarbonizationindustrial process heatelectrificationhydrogenenergy transition
spellingShingle Jörg Leicher
Anne Giese
Christoph Wieland
Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
J
decarbonization
industrial process heat
electrification
hydrogen
energy transition
title Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
title_full Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
title_fullStr Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
title_full_unstemmed Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
title_short Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat
title_sort electrification or hydrogen the challenge of decarbonizing industrial high temperature process heat
topic decarbonization
industrial process heat
electrification
hydrogen
energy transition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8800/7/4/26
work_keys_str_mv AT jorgleicher electrificationorhydrogenthechallengeofdecarbonizingindustrialhightemperatureprocessheat
AT annegiese electrificationorhydrogenthechallengeofdecarbonizingindustrialhightemperatureprocessheat
AT christophwieland electrificationorhydrogenthechallengeofdecarbonizingindustrialhightemperatureprocessheat