1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch

Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to f...

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Main Authors: Kim Myeongeun, Song Ye-Seong, Jeong Lakjong, Lee Tae-Yun, Choi Hyo Seok, Kim In, Lee Myungjae, Jeon Heonsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-02-01
Series:Nanophotonics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760
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author Kim Myeongeun
Song Ye-Seong
Jeong Lakjong
Lee Tae-Yun
Choi Hyo Seok
Kim In
Lee Myungjae
Jeon Heonsu
author_facet Kim Myeongeun
Song Ye-Seong
Jeong Lakjong
Lee Tae-Yun
Choi Hyo Seok
Kim In
Lee Myungjae
Jeon Heonsu
author_sort Kim Myeongeun
collection DOAJ
description Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to form a photonic crystal (PhC) structure close to the central waveguide layer. This process is not only complicated but also necessitates multiple semiconductor epitaxies, which reduces fabrication yield and increases manufacturing costs. In this study, we introduce a simpler method for fabricating PCSELs that requires only a single dry-etch run on any standard edge-emitting laser diode epistructure. The key challenge of creating an array of PhC air holes deep enough to reach the waveguide layer is addressed through high-temperature, high-plasma-density dry etching. PCSEL devices fabricated using this method lased in single mode at a threshold current density as low as ∼0.8 kA/cm2, which is comparable to or better than previously demonstrated devices. Our results offer a cost-effective, high-yield approach to PCSEL fabrication.
format Article
id doaj-art-4bbc6e73fb5746a29ebe00a0487178ab
institution DOAJ
issn 2192-8614
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher De Gruyter
record_format Article
series Nanophotonics
spelling doaj-art-4bbc6e73fb5746a29ebe00a0487178ab2025-08-20T02:55:56ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142025-02-0114451552210.1515/nanoph-2024-07601,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etchKim Myeongeun0Song Ye-Seong1Jeong Lakjong2Lee Tae-Yun3Choi Hyo Seok4Kim In5Lee Myungjae6Jeon Heonsu7Department of Physics and Astronomy, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaOE Solutions, Gwangju61080, Republic of KoreaOE Solutions, Gwangju61080, Republic of KoreaInter-University Semiconductor Research Centre, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 26725Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of KoreaPhotonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to form a photonic crystal (PhC) structure close to the central waveguide layer. This process is not only complicated but also necessitates multiple semiconductor epitaxies, which reduces fabrication yield and increases manufacturing costs. In this study, we introduce a simpler method for fabricating PCSELs that requires only a single dry-etch run on any standard edge-emitting laser diode epistructure. The key challenge of creating an array of PhC air holes deep enough to reach the waveguide layer is addressed through high-temperature, high-plasma-density dry etching. PCSEL devices fabricated using this method lased in single mode at a threshold current density as low as ∼0.8 kA/cm2, which is comparable to or better than previously demonstrated devices. Our results offer a cost-effective, high-yield approach to PCSEL fabrication.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760photonic crystalsurface-emitting laserlaser diodeband-edge modedeep air holedry-etch
spellingShingle Kim Myeongeun
Song Ye-Seong
Jeong Lakjong
Lee Tae-Yun
Choi Hyo Seok
Kim In
Lee Myungjae
Jeon Heonsu
1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
Nanophotonics
photonic crystal
surface-emitting laser
laser diode
band-edge mode
deep air hole
dry-etch
title 1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
title_full 1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
title_fullStr 1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
title_full_unstemmed 1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
title_short 1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
title_sort 1 550 nm photonic crystal surface emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air hole etch
topic photonic crystal
surface-emitting laser
laser diode
band-edge mode
deep air hole
dry-etch
url https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760
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