Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks
Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) a...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595486/full |
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| author | Wenlong Yan Kun Zhang Kun Zhang Jing Guo Lingfen Xu |
| author_facet | Wenlong Yan Kun Zhang Kun Zhang Jing Guo Lingfen Xu |
| author_sort | Wenlong Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and TGR5, to modulate inflammation. FXR exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and cytokine production, whereas TGR5 primarily regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dysregulated BA signaling, driven by microbial dysbiosis, exacerbates inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review explores the intricate roles of BAs in inflammation, highlighting the microbiome’s influence on BA metabolism and immune responses. Understanding the BA-immune axis offers new therapeutic avenues for modulating inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in inflammatory diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4bae9ef4dcbe4b2e964fed77c69a1bb4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4bae9ef4dcbe4b2e964fed77c69a1bb42025-08-20T03:07:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15954861595486Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networksWenlong Yan0Kun Zhang1Kun Zhang2Jing Guo3Lingfen Xu4Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaThe Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaBile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and TGR5, to modulate inflammation. FXR exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and cytokine production, whereas TGR5 primarily regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dysregulated BA signaling, driven by microbial dysbiosis, exacerbates inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review explores the intricate roles of BAs in inflammation, highlighting the microbiome’s influence on BA metabolism and immune responses. Understanding the BA-immune axis offers new therapeutic avenues for modulating inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in inflammatory diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595486/fullbile acid metabolismgut-liver axisFXRTGR5inflammatory networkintestinal flora |
| spellingShingle | Wenlong Yan Kun Zhang Kun Zhang Jing Guo Lingfen Xu Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks Frontiers in Immunology bile acid metabolism gut-liver axis FXR TGR5 inflammatory network intestinal flora |
| title | Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| title_full | Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| title_fullStr | Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| title_short | Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| title_sort | bile acid mediated gut liver axis crosstalk the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks |
| topic | bile acid metabolism gut-liver axis FXR TGR5 inflammatory network intestinal flora |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595486/full |
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