Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde
The high genetic variability of HIV-1 and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact treatment efficacy. In this study, we investigated the prevalent HIV-1 genotypes and drug-resistance-associated mutations in drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals in Cabo Verde. The study, conducted betwee...
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| author | Silvânia Da Veiga Leal Victor Pimentel Paloma Gonçalves Isabel Inês Monteiro de Pina Araújo Ricardo Parreira Nuno Taveira Marta Pingarilho Ana B. Abecasis |
| author_facet | Silvânia Da Veiga Leal Victor Pimentel Paloma Gonçalves Isabel Inês Monteiro de Pina Araújo Ricardo Parreira Nuno Taveira Marta Pingarilho Ana B. Abecasis |
| author_sort | Silvânia Da Veiga Leal |
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| description | The high genetic variability of HIV-1 and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact treatment efficacy. In this study, we investigated the prevalent HIV-1 genotypes and drug-resistance-associated mutations in drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals in Cabo Verde. The study, conducted between 2018 and 2019, included drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals from the São Vicente, Boa Vista, Fogo, and Santiago islands. The HIV-1 <i>pol</i> gene was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. TDR was identified using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool, and resistance levels to different drugs were interpreted with the Stanford HIV database. The genetic diversity of HIV-1 was determined through phylogenetic analysis, and epidemiological and behavioural data were collected via questionnaires. Of the 73 participants, the majority were male (52.1%). The CRF02_AG recombinant form predominated (41.1%), followed by subtype G (37.0%). The overall prevalence of TDR was 9.6%. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutations occurred in 2.7% of individuals, while Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations occurred in 9.6%. The most prevalent mutations were K103N (5.5%) and M184V (2.7%). No protease- or integrase-associated mutations were found. The high levels of resistance to NNRTIs found demonstrate the need for surveillance of resistance mutations to ensure the efficacy and durability of the current therapeutic regimen, which includes Dolutegravir. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4ba031bb8e7246ecad2437620dfbb9b9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-4ba031bb8e7246ecad2437620dfbb9b92025-08-20T02:56:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011612195310.3390/v16121953Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo VerdeSilvânia Da Veiga Leal0Victor Pimentel1Paloma Gonçalves2Isabel Inês Monteiro de Pina Araújo3Ricardo Parreira4Nuno Taveira5Marta Pingarilho6Ana B. Abecasis7Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública de Cabo Verde, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia CP 7943-010, Cape VerdeGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Cabo Verde, Campus do Palmarejo Grande, Praia CP 7943-010, Cape VerdeGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, PortugalGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, PortugalThe high genetic variability of HIV-1 and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact treatment efficacy. In this study, we investigated the prevalent HIV-1 genotypes and drug-resistance-associated mutations in drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals in Cabo Verde. The study, conducted between 2018 and 2019, included drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals from the São Vicente, Boa Vista, Fogo, and Santiago islands. The HIV-1 <i>pol</i> gene was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. TDR was identified using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool, and resistance levels to different drugs were interpreted with the Stanford HIV database. The genetic diversity of HIV-1 was determined through phylogenetic analysis, and epidemiological and behavioural data were collected via questionnaires. Of the 73 participants, the majority were male (52.1%). The CRF02_AG recombinant form predominated (41.1%), followed by subtype G (37.0%). The overall prevalence of TDR was 9.6%. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutations occurred in 2.7% of individuals, while Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations occurred in 9.6%. The most prevalent mutations were K103N (5.5%) and M184V (2.7%). No protease- or integrase-associated mutations were found. The high levels of resistance to NNRTIs found demonstrate the need for surveillance of resistance mutations to ensure the efficacy and durability of the current therapeutic regimen, which includes Dolutegravir.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1953transmitted drug resistanceHIV-1 subtypesgenetic diversitygenomic surveillanceCabo Verde |
| spellingShingle | Silvânia Da Veiga Leal Victor Pimentel Paloma Gonçalves Isabel Inês Monteiro de Pina Araújo Ricardo Parreira Nuno Taveira Marta Pingarilho Ana B. Abecasis Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde Viruses transmitted drug resistance HIV-1 subtypes genetic diversity genomic surveillance Cabo Verde |
| title | Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde |
| title_sort | genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in hiv 1 infected patients newly diagnosed in cabo verde |
| topic | transmitted drug resistance HIV-1 subtypes genetic diversity genomic surveillance Cabo Verde |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1953 |
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