Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review
Schizophrenia and Autism spectrum disorders (SSD and ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders involving cognitive impairment. Timely diagnosis is important for early intervention; currently, no tools are available to help with early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of cognitive impairment have been exte...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1495017/full |
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| author | Sarah Al-Mazidi Sarah Al-Mazidi |
| author_facet | Sarah Al-Mazidi Sarah Al-Mazidi |
| author_sort | Sarah Al-Mazidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schizophrenia and Autism spectrum disorders (SSD and ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders involving cognitive impairment. Timely diagnosis is important for early intervention; currently, no tools are available to help with early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of cognitive impairment have been extensively studied, but clinical correlation is crucial in screening for cognitive impairment in SSD and ASD. There has been growing interest in examining the retina to scan for neurological disorders since the retina is the only part of the central nervous system that can be directly imaged non-invasively and in a timely manner. This review discusses biomarkers of cognitive impairment and their correlation to the retina in SSD and ASD. It also discusses the possible involvement of the retina and molecular biomarkers, specifically Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the pathophysiology of SSD and ASD. A protocol for early diagnosing cognitive impairment and its severity in SSD and ASD is also suggested. This review also mentions insights into the potential use of molecular biomarkers of cognitive impairment to enhance cognitive performance in ASD and SSD and areas where more research is needed to solve the mystery of the relationship between the retina and cognitive impairment in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b9602bf69b644febc447291241e0b0d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b9602bf69b644febc447291241e0b0d2025-08-20T02:14:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-11-011510.3389/fpsyt.2024.14950171495017Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective reviewSarah Al-Mazidi0Sarah Al-Mazidi1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSchizophrenia and Autism spectrum disorders (SSD and ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders involving cognitive impairment. Timely diagnosis is important for early intervention; currently, no tools are available to help with early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of cognitive impairment have been extensively studied, but clinical correlation is crucial in screening for cognitive impairment in SSD and ASD. There has been growing interest in examining the retina to scan for neurological disorders since the retina is the only part of the central nervous system that can be directly imaged non-invasively and in a timely manner. This review discusses biomarkers of cognitive impairment and their correlation to the retina in SSD and ASD. It also discusses the possible involvement of the retina and molecular biomarkers, specifically Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the pathophysiology of SSD and ASD. A protocol for early diagnosing cognitive impairment and its severity in SSD and ASD is also suggested. This review also mentions insights into the potential use of molecular biomarkers of cognitive impairment to enhance cognitive performance in ASD and SSD and areas where more research is needed to solve the mystery of the relationship between the retina and cognitive impairment in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1495017/fullautismschizophreniacognitionretinaOCTbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Al-Mazidi Sarah Al-Mazidi Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review Frontiers in Psychiatry autism schizophrenia cognition retina OCT biomarkers |
| title | Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review |
| title_full | Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review |
| title_short | Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review |
| title_sort | molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders a perspective review |
| topic | autism schizophrenia cognition retina OCT biomarkers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1495017/full |
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