Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR
<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> and <i>iutA, csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i&...
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| author | Mohsen Karbalaei Mojgan Esmailpour Valentyn Oksenych Majid Eslami |
| author_facet | Mohsen Karbalaei Mojgan Esmailpour Valentyn Oksenych Majid Eslami |
| author_sort | Mohsen Karbalaei |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> and <i>iutA, csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> genes in <i>E. coli</i> isolated from septicemic patients, aiming to clarify the interaction between virulence and resistance. <b>Methods:</b> This study evaluated 100 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from septicemic patients. With the disc diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility was confirmed. The use of ceftazidime–clavulanic acid allowed for the confirmation of ESBL. PCR and real-time PCR were used to detect virulence and beta-lactamase genes. The expression levels of important genes were compared between isolates in LB and blood. <b>Results:</b> Antibiotic resistance was common in isolates carrying <i>blaCTX-M1</i>, including tetracycline (93%) and erythromycin (99%). Instead, there was no resistance to fosfomycin and 3% resistance to carbapenems. Real-time PCR revealed more expression levels in blood for the virulence genes <i>kpsMII</i> and <i>csgA</i>. Pathogenicity and resistance increased with <i>blaCTX-M1</i> co-expression with the <i>kpsMII</i> and <i>csgA</i> genes. <b>Conclusions</b>: The coexistence of ESBL and virulence genes in <i>E. coli</i> isolates significantly increases antibiotic resistance and infection severity. Monitoring of these genes is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The key to treating these diseases is having sophisticated diagnostic tools and using antibiotics cautiously. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b8c9a8cbe8346b096d83968b345e3482025-01-24T13:42:37ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-011319510.3390/microorganisms13010095Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCRMohsen Karbalaei0Mojgan Esmailpour1Valentyn Oksenych2Majid Eslami3Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 78616-34200, IranMedical Faculty, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, IranDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35147-99442, Iran<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> and <i>iutA, csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> genes in <i>E. coli</i> isolated from septicemic patients, aiming to clarify the interaction between virulence and resistance. <b>Methods:</b> This study evaluated 100 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from septicemic patients. With the disc diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility was confirmed. The use of ceftazidime–clavulanic acid allowed for the confirmation of ESBL. PCR and real-time PCR were used to detect virulence and beta-lactamase genes. The expression levels of important genes were compared between isolates in LB and blood. <b>Results:</b> Antibiotic resistance was common in isolates carrying <i>blaCTX-M1</i>, including tetracycline (93%) and erythromycin (99%). Instead, there was no resistance to fosfomycin and 3% resistance to carbapenems. Real-time PCR revealed more expression levels in blood for the virulence genes <i>kpsMII</i> and <i>csgA</i>. Pathogenicity and resistance increased with <i>blaCTX-M1</i> co-expression with the <i>kpsMII</i> and <i>csgA</i> genes. <b>Conclusions</b>: The coexistence of ESBL and virulence genes in <i>E. coli</i> isolates significantly increases antibiotic resistance and infection severity. Monitoring of these genes is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The key to treating these diseases is having sophisticated diagnostic tools and using antibiotics cautiously.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/95<i>blaCTX-M1</i><i>Escherichia coli</i>real-time PCRsepticemicvirulence gene |
| spellingShingle | Mohsen Karbalaei Mojgan Esmailpour Valentyn Oksenych Majid Eslami Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR Microorganisms <i>blaCTX-M1</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> real-time PCR septicemic virulence gene |
| title | Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR |
| title_full | Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR |
| title_short | Comprehensive Analysis of <i>blaCTX-M1</i> Gene Expression Alongside <i>iutA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, and <i>kpsMII</i> Virulence Genes in Septicemic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Real-Time PCR |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of i blactx m1 i gene expression alongside i iuta i i csga i and i kpsmii i virulence genes in septicemic i escherichia coli i using real time pcr |
| topic | <i>blaCTX-M1</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> real-time PCR septicemic virulence gene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/95 |
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