Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia

Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase worldwide. Indonesia is no exception. The diagnoses of prediabetes and diabetes are increasing and seen in ever younger patients. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a pivotal role in managing this disease in the commun...

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Main Authors: Linda Dewanti, Mark A. Graber, - Sulistiawati, - Atika, Adikara P. Pratama, Tan N. Octora, Dyah A. Prajnaparamitha, Raudia F. Humaidy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: European Publishing 2024-08-01
Series:Population Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.populationmedicine.eu/Type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-profile-achievement-and-complications-in-primary,191812,0,2.html
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author Linda Dewanti
Mark A. Graber
- Sulistiawati
- Atika
Adikara P. Pratama
Tan N. Octora
Dyah A. Prajnaparamitha
Raudia F. Humaidy
author_facet Linda Dewanti
Mark A. Graber
- Sulistiawati
- Atika
Adikara P. Pratama
Tan N. Octora
Dyah A. Prajnaparamitha
Raudia F. Humaidy
author_sort Linda Dewanti
collection DOAJ
description Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase worldwide. Indonesia is no exception. The diagnoses of prediabetes and diabetes are increasing and seen in ever younger patients. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a pivotal role in managing this disease in the community. This study aimed to determine the achievement therapy of T2DM patients in a PHC center in Surabaya, the second most populous city in Indonesia. Methods The design of this study was cross-sectional. T2DM patients who made regular visits to a PHC center in 2018 were included in this study after providing informed consent. Respondent characteristics (age, education level, family history of T2DM, physical activity, nutrient intake), as well as BMI, blood pressure, and laboratory data, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum creatinine, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), were collected. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0.0 Results The mean age of the patients was 60.9 ± 10.0 years, and participants had been diagnosed with T2DM for a mean of 6.9 ± 8.3 years. The therapeutic goal (FPG ≤130 mg/dL and HbA1c <7%) was achieved in 30.9% and 23.8% of patients, respectively. Early microvascular abnormality screening (ACR) showed that 70.9% of the patients had increased ACR, while serum creatinine level was found to be high in 22.8% of the patients. FPG correlated to HbA1c, serum creatinine and ACR (r=0.64, p<0.001; r=0.39, p=0.001; and r=0.25, p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions The majority of T2DM patients in our sample did not achieve their therapeutic goals in terms of FPG and HbA1c. Those who did not achieve FPG goals were less likely to meet ACR goals and were less likely to have normal serum creatinine, most probably reflecting a pattern of poor longterm follow-up.
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spelling doaj-art-4b8a7ae8353c46c0af6d7f27293edec42025-08-20T02:41:46ZengEuropean PublishingPopulation Medicine2654-14592024-08-016August1710.18332/popmed/191812191812Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, IndonesiaLinda Dewanti0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-0309Mark A. Graber1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7632-9572- Sulistiawati2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-6679- Atika3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-4135Adikara P. Pratama4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-7685Tan N. Octora5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-8359Dyah A. Prajnaparamitha6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-9415Raudia F. Humaidy7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-0532Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United StatesDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaIntroduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase worldwide. Indonesia is no exception. The diagnoses of prediabetes and diabetes are increasing and seen in ever younger patients. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a pivotal role in managing this disease in the community. This study aimed to determine the achievement therapy of T2DM patients in a PHC center in Surabaya, the second most populous city in Indonesia. Methods The design of this study was cross-sectional. T2DM patients who made regular visits to a PHC center in 2018 were included in this study after providing informed consent. Respondent characteristics (age, education level, family history of T2DM, physical activity, nutrient intake), as well as BMI, blood pressure, and laboratory data, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum creatinine, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), were collected. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0.0 Results The mean age of the patients was 60.9 ± 10.0 years, and participants had been diagnosed with T2DM for a mean of 6.9 ± 8.3 years. The therapeutic goal (FPG ≤130 mg/dL and HbA1c <7%) was achieved in 30.9% and 23.8% of patients, respectively. Early microvascular abnormality screening (ACR) showed that 70.9% of the patients had increased ACR, while serum creatinine level was found to be high in 22.8% of the patients. FPG correlated to HbA1c, serum creatinine and ACR (r=0.64, p<0.001; r=0.39, p=0.001; and r=0.25, p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions The majority of T2DM patients in our sample did not achieve their therapeutic goals in terms of FPG and HbA1c. Those who did not achieve FPG goals were less likely to meet ACR goals and were less likely to have normal serum creatinine, most probably reflecting a pattern of poor longterm follow-up.https://www.populationmedicine.eu/Type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-profile-achievement-and-complications-in-primary,191812,0,2.htmltype 2 diabetes mellitusprimary health careplasma glucosehba1calbumin to creatinine ratiocompliance
spellingShingle Linda Dewanti
Mark A. Graber
- Sulistiawati
- Atika
Adikara P. Pratama
Tan N. Octora
Dyah A. Prajnaparamitha
Raudia F. Humaidy
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
Population Medicine
type 2 diabetes mellitus
primary health care
plasma glucose
hba1c
albumin to creatinine ratio
compliance
title Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
title_full Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
title_fullStr Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
title_short Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, profile, achievement and complications in primary health care in Surabaya, Indonesia
title_sort type 2 diabetes mellitus patients profile achievement and complications in primary health care in surabaya indonesia
topic type 2 diabetes mellitus
primary health care
plasma glucose
hba1c
albumin to creatinine ratio
compliance
url https://www.populationmedicine.eu/Type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-profile-achievement-and-complications-in-primary,191812,0,2.html
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