Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging

The study examines the impact of Tm addition on the microstructural change and precipitation behaviour in Cu-3.5Ti alloy subjected to cold rolling and aging. The findings demonstrate that spinodal and dislocation strengthening emerge as the primary strengthening mechanisms in both Tm-added and Tm-fr...

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Main Authors: Nian Hong, Yumin Liao, Huiming Chen, Chenyang Zhou, Weibin Xie, Bin Yang, Hang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501614X
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author Nian Hong
Yumin Liao
Huiming Chen
Chenyang Zhou
Weibin Xie
Bin Yang
Hang Wang
author_facet Nian Hong
Yumin Liao
Huiming Chen
Chenyang Zhou
Weibin Xie
Bin Yang
Hang Wang
author_sort Nian Hong
collection DOAJ
description The study examines the impact of Tm addition on the microstructural change and precipitation behaviour in Cu-3.5Ti alloy subjected to cold rolling and aging. The findings demonstrate that spinodal and dislocation strengthening emerge as the primary strengthening mechanisms in both Tm-added and Tm-free Cu–Ti alloys during the peak-aging stage, resulting in an impressive strength exceeding 900 MPa. However, with prolonged aging, a significant softening occurs in the alloys, attributed to the recovery of dislocations, a decrease in Ti solute atoms, and the growth of DP colonies. The Tm addition effectively suppresses the discontinuous precipitation. The Tm-added alloy demonstrates greater strength than that of the Tm-free alloy for the same aging time, primarily due to the lower volume fraction of the DP colonies. Additionally, the impurity scattering effect within the DP colony is weaker than that in the deformed grains. The inhibiting effect of Tm on discontinuous precipitation results in a slower growth rate of the DP colonies, which facilitates a slower increase in electrical conductivity in the Tm-added alloy compared to the Tm-free alloy.
format Article
id doaj-art-4b7d0cc2748d4fedbda57663ac1c1ea9
institution DOAJ
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-4b7d0cc2748d4fedbda57663ac1c1ea92025-08-20T03:24:04ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01372406241710.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.192Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during agingNian Hong0Yumin Liao1Huiming Chen2Chenyang Zhou3Weibin Xie4Bin Yang5Hang Wang6State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaCorresponding author.; State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaCorresponding author.; State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Structural Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, ChinaThe study examines the impact of Tm addition on the microstructural change and precipitation behaviour in Cu-3.5Ti alloy subjected to cold rolling and aging. The findings demonstrate that spinodal and dislocation strengthening emerge as the primary strengthening mechanisms in both Tm-added and Tm-free Cu–Ti alloys during the peak-aging stage, resulting in an impressive strength exceeding 900 MPa. However, with prolonged aging, a significant softening occurs in the alloys, attributed to the recovery of dislocations, a decrease in Ti solute atoms, and the growth of DP colonies. The Tm addition effectively suppresses the discontinuous precipitation. The Tm-added alloy demonstrates greater strength than that of the Tm-free alloy for the same aging time, primarily due to the lower volume fraction of the DP colonies. Additionally, the impurity scattering effect within the DP colony is weaker than that in the deformed grains. The inhibiting effect of Tm on discontinuous precipitation results in a slower growth rate of the DP colonies, which facilitates a slower increase in electrical conductivity in the Tm-added alloy compared to the Tm-free alloy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501614XCu alloysAging treatmentDiscontinuous precipitationSpinodal decomposition
spellingShingle Nian Hong
Yumin Liao
Huiming Chen
Chenyang Zhou
Weibin Xie
Bin Yang
Hang Wang
Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Cu alloys
Aging treatment
Discontinuous precipitation
Spinodal decomposition
title Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
title_full Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
title_fullStr Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
title_short Effect of Tm addition on the precipitation, mechanical, and electrical properties of a Cu–Ti alloy during aging
title_sort effect of tm addition on the precipitation mechanical and electrical properties of a cu ti alloy during aging
topic Cu alloys
Aging treatment
Discontinuous precipitation
Spinodal decomposition
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501614X
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