Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City
Urban expansion encroaches on green spaces and weakens ecosystem services, potentially leading to a trade-off between ecological conditions and socio-economic growth. Effectively coordinating the two elements is essential for achieving sustainable development goals at the urban scale. However, few s...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xinyu Dong Yanmei Ye Tao Zhou Dagmar Haase Angela Lausch |
| author_facet | Xinyu Dong Yanmei Ye Tao Zhou Dagmar Haase Angela Lausch |
| author_sort | Xinyu Dong |
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| description | Urban expansion encroaches on green spaces and weakens ecosystem services, potentially leading to a trade-off between ecological conditions and socio-economic growth. Effectively coordinating the two elements is essential for achieving sustainable development goals at the urban scale. However, few studies have measured urban–ecological linkage in terms of trade-off. In this study, we propose a framework by linking the degraded ecological conditions and urban land use efficiency from a return on investment perspective. Taking a rapidly expanding city as a case study, we comprehensively quantified urban–ecological conditions in four aspects: urban heat island, flood regulating service, habitat quality, and carbon sequestration. These conditions were assessed on 1 km<sup>2</sup> grids, along with urban land use efficiency at the same spatial scale. We employed the slack-based measure model to evaluate trade-off efficiency and applied the geo-detector method to identify its driving factors. Our findings reveal that while urban–ecological conditions in Zhengzhou’s periphery degraded over the past two decades, the inner city showed improvement in urban heat island and carbon sequestration. Trade-off efficiency exhibited an overall upward trend during 2000–2020, despite initial declines in some inner city areas. Interaction detection demonstrates significant synergistic effects between pairs of drivers, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and building height, and the number of patches of green spaces and the patch cohesion index of built-up land, with <i>q</i>-values of 0.298 and 0.137, respectively. In light of the spatiotemporal trend of trade-off efficiency and its drivers, we propose adaptive management strategies. The framework could serve as guidance to assist decision-makers and urban planners in monitoring urban–ecological conditions in the context of urban expansion. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b734738e3c549a8a0aa6b4ccc6e42cd2025-01-24T13:47:44ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-01-0117221210.3390/rs17020212Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding CityXinyu Dong0Yanmei Ye1Tao Zhou2Dagmar Haase3Angela Lausch4Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaLandscape Ecology Lab, Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyUrban expansion encroaches on green spaces and weakens ecosystem services, potentially leading to a trade-off between ecological conditions and socio-economic growth. Effectively coordinating the two elements is essential for achieving sustainable development goals at the urban scale. However, few studies have measured urban–ecological linkage in terms of trade-off. In this study, we propose a framework by linking the degraded ecological conditions and urban land use efficiency from a return on investment perspective. Taking a rapidly expanding city as a case study, we comprehensively quantified urban–ecological conditions in four aspects: urban heat island, flood regulating service, habitat quality, and carbon sequestration. These conditions were assessed on 1 km<sup>2</sup> grids, along with urban land use efficiency at the same spatial scale. We employed the slack-based measure model to evaluate trade-off efficiency and applied the geo-detector method to identify its driving factors. Our findings reveal that while urban–ecological conditions in Zhengzhou’s periphery degraded over the past two decades, the inner city showed improvement in urban heat island and carbon sequestration. Trade-off efficiency exhibited an overall upward trend during 2000–2020, despite initial declines in some inner city areas. Interaction detection demonstrates significant synergistic effects between pairs of drivers, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and building height, and the number of patches of green spaces and the patch cohesion index of built-up land, with <i>q</i>-values of 0.298 and 0.137, respectively. In light of the spatiotemporal trend of trade-off efficiency and its drivers, we propose adaptive management strategies. The framework could serve as guidance to assist decision-makers and urban planners in monitoring urban–ecological conditions in the context of urban expansion.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/2/212urban land use efficiencyecological conditionSBM modeltrade-off efficiencyurban–ecological linkage |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Dong Yanmei Ye Tao Zhou Dagmar Haase Angela Lausch Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City Remote Sensing urban land use efficiency ecological condition SBM model trade-off efficiency urban–ecological linkage |
| title | Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City |
| title_full | Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City |
| title_short | Effectiveness Trade-Off Between Green Spaces and Built-Up Land: Evaluating Trade-Off Efficiency and Its Drivers in an Expanding City |
| title_sort | effectiveness trade off between green spaces and built up land evaluating trade off efficiency and its drivers in an expanding city |
| topic | urban land use efficiency ecological condition SBM model trade-off efficiency urban–ecological linkage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/2/212 |
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