Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report

Abstract Background Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis presents a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge owing to its atypical presentation and difficulty in identifying causative pathogens. Bartonella henselae, a rare cause of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis, can fur...

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Main Authors: Meriem Ghozzia, Fares Azaiez, Marwa Trabelsi, Mariem Drissa, Rim Ben Romdhane, Kaouther Bachraoui, Rami Tlili, Youssef Ben Ameur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Medical Case Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04880-x
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author Meriem Ghozzia
Fares Azaiez
Marwa Trabelsi
Mariem Drissa
Rim Ben Romdhane
Kaouther Bachraoui
Rami Tlili
Youssef Ben Ameur
author_facet Meriem Ghozzia
Fares Azaiez
Marwa Trabelsi
Mariem Drissa
Rim Ben Romdhane
Kaouther Bachraoui
Rami Tlili
Youssef Ben Ameur
author_sort Meriem Ghozzia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis presents a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge owing to its atypical presentation and difficulty in identifying causative pathogens. Bartonella henselae, a rare cause of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis, can further complicate its diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation This case report describes the intricate diagnostic journey and therapeutic challenges encountered in a 65-year-old Tunisian female diagnosed with Bartonella henselae-induced infective endocarditis. The patient presented with symptoms of general weakness, weight loss, arthralgia, and a 2-month history of fever along with hepatic involvement characterized by cholestasis and portal hypertension. Despite initial empirical antibiotic therapy leading to temporary improvement, the patient experienced relapse, prompting further investigation. Positive serological tests for Bartonella henselae guided the initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy with rifampin and doxycycline, which resulted in significant clinical improvement. However, the subsequent acute pulmonary edema revealed severe triple-vessel coronary disease, necessitating aortic valve replacement surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient recovered well postoperatively, with cultures from the aortic valve confirming Bartonella henselae infection. Conclusions This report underscores the importance of heightened awareness, comprehensive diagnostic imaging, and careful consideration of treatment strategies in patients with atypical infective endocarditis. This highlights the need for the early suspicion and identification of Bartonella henselae in BCNIE cases, particularly in patients with relevant epidemiological exposure.
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spelling doaj-art-4b6cae622a5c4388b779b34b10d26daf2025-08-20T03:04:29ZengBMCJournal of Medical Case Reports1752-19472025-02-011911610.1186/s13256-024-04880-xNavigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case reportMeriem Ghozzia0Fares Azaiez1Marwa Trabelsi2Mariem Drissa3Rim Ben Romdhane4Kaouther Bachraoui5Rami Tlili6Youssef Ben Ameur7Department of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Mongi Slim University Hospital CenterAbstract Background Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis presents a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge owing to its atypical presentation and difficulty in identifying causative pathogens. Bartonella henselae, a rare cause of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis, can further complicate its diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation This case report describes the intricate diagnostic journey and therapeutic challenges encountered in a 65-year-old Tunisian female diagnosed with Bartonella henselae-induced infective endocarditis. The patient presented with symptoms of general weakness, weight loss, arthralgia, and a 2-month history of fever along with hepatic involvement characterized by cholestasis and portal hypertension. Despite initial empirical antibiotic therapy leading to temporary improvement, the patient experienced relapse, prompting further investigation. Positive serological tests for Bartonella henselae guided the initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy with rifampin and doxycycline, which resulted in significant clinical improvement. However, the subsequent acute pulmonary edema revealed severe triple-vessel coronary disease, necessitating aortic valve replacement surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient recovered well postoperatively, with cultures from the aortic valve confirming Bartonella henselae infection. Conclusions This report underscores the importance of heightened awareness, comprehensive diagnostic imaging, and careful consideration of treatment strategies in patients with atypical infective endocarditis. This highlights the need for the early suspicion and identification of Bartonella henselae in BCNIE cases, particularly in patients with relevant epidemiological exposure.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04880-xCulture negative endocarditisBartonella endocarditisAortic valve vegetationCase report
spellingShingle Meriem Ghozzia
Fares Azaiez
Marwa Trabelsi
Mariem Drissa
Rim Ben Romdhane
Kaouther Bachraoui
Rami Tlili
Youssef Ben Ameur
Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
Journal of Medical Case Reports
Culture negative endocarditis
Bartonella endocarditis
Aortic valve vegetation
Case report
title Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
title_full Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
title_fullStr Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
title_short Navigating diagnostic challenges in Bartonella-induced infective endocarditis: a case report
title_sort navigating diagnostic challenges in bartonella induced infective endocarditis a case report
topic Culture negative endocarditis
Bartonella endocarditis
Aortic valve vegetation
Case report
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04880-x
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