Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications

Prebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted significant interest in dermatology and skin health due to their ability to modulate the skin microbiome and microbiota–host interactions. This review offers a novel dual perspective, systematically examining the benefits of both oral intake and topical appl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Meijun Zeng, Yang Li, Jie Cheng, Jingyu Wang, Qiyu Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/754
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850156530569052160
author Meijun Zeng
Yang Li
Jie Cheng
Jingyu Wang
Qiyu Liu
author_facet Meijun Zeng
Yang Li
Jie Cheng
Jingyu Wang
Qiyu Liu
author_sort Meijun Zeng
collection DOAJ
description Prebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted significant interest in dermatology and skin health due to their ability to modulate the skin microbiome and microbiota–host interactions. This review offers a novel dual perspective, systematically examining the benefits of both oral intake and topical application of prebiotic oligosaccharides, including well-established prebiotics (e.g., human milk oligosaccharides, galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides) and emerging prebiotic candidates (e.g., gluco-oligosaccharides, chitosan-oligosaccharides, agaro-oligosaccharides). First, cutting-edge synthetic processes for producing diverse oligosaccharides and their structural chemistry are introduced. Then, we discuss in vitro studies demonstrating their efficacy in promoting skin commensals, inhibiting pathogens, and conferring protective effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, and wound-healing properties. Furthermore, we emphasize in vivo animal studies and clinical trials revealing that prebiotic oligosaccharides, administered orally or topically, alleviate atopic dermatitis, enhance skin hydration, attenuate acne, and protect against photo-aging by modulating skin–gut microbiota and immune responses. Mechanistically, we integrate genetic and molecular insights to elucidate how oligosaccharides mediate these benefits, including gut–skin axis crosstalk, immune regulation, and microbial metabolite signaling. Finally, we highlight current commercial applications of oligosaccharides in cosmetic formulations while addressing scientific and practical challenges, such as structure–function relationships, clinical scalability, and regulatory considerations. This review bridges mechanistic understanding with practical applications, offering a comprehensive resource for advancing prebiotic oligosaccharides-based skincare therapies.
format Article
id doaj-art-4b6626fe0b7945c8b0e25836efd81464
institution OA Journals
issn 2076-3921
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-4b6626fe0b7945c8b0e25836efd814642025-08-20T02:24:30ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-06-0114675410.3390/antiox14060754Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic ApplicationsMeijun Zeng0Yang Li1Jie Cheng2Jingyu Wang3Qiyu Liu4Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaMeat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaMeat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Energy Plant Biofuel Preparation and Utilization, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaPrebiotic oligosaccharides have attracted significant interest in dermatology and skin health due to their ability to modulate the skin microbiome and microbiota–host interactions. This review offers a novel dual perspective, systematically examining the benefits of both oral intake and topical application of prebiotic oligosaccharides, including well-established prebiotics (e.g., human milk oligosaccharides, galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides) and emerging prebiotic candidates (e.g., gluco-oligosaccharides, chitosan-oligosaccharides, agaro-oligosaccharides). First, cutting-edge synthetic processes for producing diverse oligosaccharides and their structural chemistry are introduced. Then, we discuss in vitro studies demonstrating their efficacy in promoting skin commensals, inhibiting pathogens, and conferring protective effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, and wound-healing properties. Furthermore, we emphasize in vivo animal studies and clinical trials revealing that prebiotic oligosaccharides, administered orally or topically, alleviate atopic dermatitis, enhance skin hydration, attenuate acne, and protect against photo-aging by modulating skin–gut microbiota and immune responses. Mechanistically, we integrate genetic and molecular insights to elucidate how oligosaccharides mediate these benefits, including gut–skin axis crosstalk, immune regulation, and microbial metabolite signaling. Finally, we highlight current commercial applications of oligosaccharides in cosmetic formulations while addressing scientific and practical challenges, such as structure–function relationships, clinical scalability, and regulatory considerations. This review bridges mechanistic understanding with practical applications, offering a comprehensive resource for advancing prebiotic oligosaccharides-based skincare therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/754non-digestible oligosaccharidespathogen inhibitionskin diseasesskin barrier functioncommercial cosmetics
spellingShingle Meijun Zeng
Yang Li
Jie Cheng
Jingyu Wang
Qiyu Liu
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
Antioxidants
non-digestible oligosaccharides
pathogen inhibition
skin diseases
skin barrier function
commercial cosmetics
title Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
title_full Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
title_fullStr Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
title_full_unstemmed Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
title_short Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in Skin Health: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Cosmetic Applications
title_sort prebiotic oligosaccharides in skin health benefits mechanisms and cosmetic applications
topic non-digestible oligosaccharides
pathogen inhibition
skin diseases
skin barrier function
commercial cosmetics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/754
work_keys_str_mv AT meijunzeng prebioticoligosaccharidesinskinhealthbenefitsmechanismsandcosmeticapplications
AT yangli prebioticoligosaccharidesinskinhealthbenefitsmechanismsandcosmeticapplications
AT jiecheng prebioticoligosaccharidesinskinhealthbenefitsmechanismsandcosmeticapplications
AT jingyuwang prebioticoligosaccharidesinskinhealthbenefitsmechanismsandcosmeticapplications
AT qiyuliu prebioticoligosaccharidesinskinhealthbenefitsmechanismsandcosmeticapplications