Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration
Tendons bridge muscle and bone, translating forces to the skeleton and increasing the safety and efficiency of locomotion. When tendons fail or degenerate, there are no effective pharmacological interventions. The lack of available options to treat damaged tendons has created a need to better unders...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3919030 |
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| author | Daniel W. Youngstrom Jennifer G. Barrett |
| author_facet | Daniel W. Youngstrom Jennifer G. Barrett |
| author_sort | Daniel W. Youngstrom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tendons bridge muscle and bone, translating forces to the skeleton and increasing the safety and efficiency of locomotion. When tendons fail or degenerate, there are no effective pharmacological interventions. The lack of available options to treat damaged tendons has created a need to better understand and improve the repair process, particularly when suitable autologous donor tissue is unavailable for transplantation. Cells within tendon dynamically react to loading conditions and undergo phenotypic changes in response to mechanobiological stimuli. Tenocytes respond to ultrastructural topography and mechanical deformation via a complex set of behaviors involving force-sensitive membrane receptor activity, changes in cytoskeletal contractility, and transcriptional regulation. Effective ex vivo model systems are needed to emulate the native environment of a tissue and to translate cell-matrix forces with high fidelity. While early bioreactor designs have greatly expanded our knowledge of mechanotransduction, traditional scaffolds do not fully model the topography, composition, and mechanical properties of native tendon. Decellularized tendon is an ideal scaffold for cultivating replacement tissue and modeling tendon regeneration. Decellularized tendon scaffolds (DTS) possess high clinical relevance, faithfully translate forces to the cellular scale, and have bulk material properties that match natural tissue. This review summarizes progress in tendon tissue engineering, with a focus on DTS and bioreactor systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b4dd320a7854fde87d416e682cb4880 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b4dd320a7854fde87d416e682cb48802025-08-20T02:38:33ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782016-01-01201610.1155/2016/39190303919030Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of RegenerationDaniel W. Youngstrom0Jennifer G. Barrett1Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Tech, 17690 Old Waterford Road, Leesburg, VA 20176, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Tech, 17690 Old Waterford Road, Leesburg, VA 20176, USATendons bridge muscle and bone, translating forces to the skeleton and increasing the safety and efficiency of locomotion. When tendons fail or degenerate, there are no effective pharmacological interventions. The lack of available options to treat damaged tendons has created a need to better understand and improve the repair process, particularly when suitable autologous donor tissue is unavailable for transplantation. Cells within tendon dynamically react to loading conditions and undergo phenotypic changes in response to mechanobiological stimuli. Tenocytes respond to ultrastructural topography and mechanical deformation via a complex set of behaviors involving force-sensitive membrane receptor activity, changes in cytoskeletal contractility, and transcriptional regulation. Effective ex vivo model systems are needed to emulate the native environment of a tissue and to translate cell-matrix forces with high fidelity. While early bioreactor designs have greatly expanded our knowledge of mechanotransduction, traditional scaffolds do not fully model the topography, composition, and mechanical properties of native tendon. Decellularized tendon is an ideal scaffold for cultivating replacement tissue and modeling tendon regeneration. Decellularized tendon scaffolds (DTS) possess high clinical relevance, faithfully translate forces to the cellular scale, and have bulk material properties that match natural tissue. This review summarizes progress in tendon tissue engineering, with a focus on DTS and bioreactor systems.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3919030 |
| spellingShingle | Daniel W. Youngstrom Jennifer G. Barrett Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration Stem Cells International |
| title | Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration |
| title_full | Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration |
| title_short | Engineering Tendon: Scaffolds, Bioreactors, and Models of Regeneration |
| title_sort | engineering tendon scaffolds bioreactors and models of regeneration |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3919030 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielwyoungstrom engineeringtendonscaffoldsbioreactorsandmodelsofregeneration AT jennifergbarrett engineeringtendonscaffoldsbioreactorsandmodelsofregeneration |