Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities

Abstract A growing body of research suggests a bidirectional interaction between cancer and the nervous system. Neural cells exert their effects on tumors by secreting neurotransmitters and cell adhesion molecules, which interact with specific receptors on tumor cells to modulate their behavior. Con...

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Main Authors: Sirui Huang, Jing Zhu, Linglu Yu, Yan Huang, Yue Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Molecular Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02336-4
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author Sirui Huang
Jing Zhu
Linglu Yu
Yan Huang
Yue Hu
author_facet Sirui Huang
Jing Zhu
Linglu Yu
Yan Huang
Yue Hu
author_sort Sirui Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A growing body of research suggests a bidirectional interaction between cancer and the nervous system. Neural cells exert their effects on tumors by secreting neurotransmitters and cell adhesion molecules, which interact with specific receptors on tumor cells to modulate their behavior. Conversely, tumor-secreted factors, particularly including inflammatory factors, can alter neural activity and increase neuronal excitability, potentially contributing to neurological manifestations such as epilepsy. The immune system also serves as a crucial intermediary in the indirect communication between cancer and the nervous system. These insights have opened promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies targeting both tumors and their associated neurological complications. In this review, we have synthesized the key biological mechanisms underlying cancer-nervous system interactions that have emerged over the past decade. We outline the molecular and cellular pathways mediating this cross-talk and explore the clinical implications of targeting the nervous system to suppress tumor growth and metastasis, mitigate neurological complications arising from cancer progression, and modulate the immune response through neural regulation in the context of cancer therapy. Graphical Abstract
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 1476-4598
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
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series Molecular Cancer
spelling doaj-art-4b492ae142dc4c17957bf88bd5118c9d2025-08-20T01:49:39ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982025-05-0124112910.1186/s12943-025-02336-4Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunitiesSirui Huang0Jing Zhu1Linglu Yu2Yan Huang3Yue Hu4School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Ultrasound, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSchool of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineAbstract A growing body of research suggests a bidirectional interaction between cancer and the nervous system. Neural cells exert their effects on tumors by secreting neurotransmitters and cell adhesion molecules, which interact with specific receptors on tumor cells to modulate their behavior. Conversely, tumor-secreted factors, particularly including inflammatory factors, can alter neural activity and increase neuronal excitability, potentially contributing to neurological manifestations such as epilepsy. The immune system also serves as a crucial intermediary in the indirect communication between cancer and the nervous system. These insights have opened promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies targeting both tumors and their associated neurological complications. In this review, we have synthesized the key biological mechanisms underlying cancer-nervous system interactions that have emerged over the past decade. We outline the molecular and cellular pathways mediating this cross-talk and explore the clinical implications of targeting the nervous system to suppress tumor growth and metastasis, mitigate neurological complications arising from cancer progression, and modulate the immune response through neural regulation in the context of cancer therapy. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02336-4CancerNeurobiology of cancerOncological therapeutic modalitiesNervous system
spellingShingle Sirui Huang
Jing Zhu
Linglu Yu
Yan Huang
Yue Hu
Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
Molecular Cancer
Cancer
Neurobiology of cancer
Oncological therapeutic modalities
Nervous system
title Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
title_full Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
title_fullStr Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
title_full_unstemmed Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
title_short Cancer-nervous system crosstalk: from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
title_sort cancer nervous system crosstalk from biological mechanism to therapeutic opportunities
topic Cancer
Neurobiology of cancer
Oncological therapeutic modalities
Nervous system
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02336-4
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AT yanhuang cancernervoussystemcrosstalkfrombiologicalmechanismtotherapeuticopportunities
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