Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives
Objective: This study aims to analyze the available data on prevention and early diagnosis in gynecological cancers. Mechanism: A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Findings in Brief: To date the prevention programmes of all degre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/8/10.31083/j.ceog5008160 |
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| author | Tullio Golia D'Augè Andrea Giannini Giorgio Bogani Camilla Di Dio Antonio Simone Laganà Violante Di Donato Maria Giovanna Salerno Donatella Caserta Vito Chiantera Enrico Vizza Ludovico Muzii Ottavia D’Oria |
| author_facet | Tullio Golia D'Augè Andrea Giannini Giorgio Bogani Camilla Di Dio Antonio Simone Laganà Violante Di Donato Maria Giovanna Salerno Donatella Caserta Vito Chiantera Enrico Vizza Ludovico Muzii Ottavia D’Oria |
| author_sort | Tullio Golia D'Augè |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This study aims to analyze the available data on prevention and early diagnosis in gynecological cancers. Mechanism: A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Findings in Brief: To date the prevention programmes of all degrees exist exclusively for cervical cancer. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination prevents from infection and development of precancerous lesions and contributes significantly to the deflection of the incidence of cervical cancer. Screening for HPV-related lesions is worldwide performed by cervical smear (Pap-test) and HPV test. Finally, tertiary prevention is aimed at the treatment of previously diagnosticated lesions with the aid of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, to date the prevention programmes of other gynecological tumors have not reached a good performance; indeed, the primum movens that leads to the development of such neoplasms has not been identified yet. Actually, no screening programs for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer are available, however, it is recommended the adoption of a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet. Diagnostic biomarkers would be helpful for screening asymptomatic high-risk women, but histopatological examinations remain the gold standard for diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Similarly, there are no screening tests for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In recent years many steps forward have been made in this field and new perspectives have been presented, however, additional investigation is needed to optimize the duration and timing of treatment, examine its cost-effectiveness, and identify potential tumor or host biologic factors predictive of the efficacy and adverse events. Finally, there are no primary and secondary prevention for vulvar cancer so patients should be invited to self-examination and pay attention to the presence of symptoms. Conclusions: Are the available screening programs for the diagnosis of gynecological carcinomas sufficient? The prevention and the diagnosis of precancerous lesions is the goal to be achieved for all gynecological cancers in order to improve patient outcomes, reduce the costs for managing the disease and prolonged follow up. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b470cf3a77e46eea036c0f104f89dde |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0390-6663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b470cf3a77e46eea036c0f104f89dde2025-08-20T02:17:48ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632023-08-0150816010.31083/j.ceog5008160S0390-6663(23)02090-0Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future PerspectivesTullio Golia D'Augè0Andrea Giannini1Giorgio Bogani2Camilla Di Dio3Antonio Simone Laganà4Violante Di Donato5Maria Giovanna Salerno6Donatella Caserta7Vito Chiantera8Enrico Vizza9Ludovico Muzii10Ottavia D’Oria11Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, ItalyUnit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS ''Civico – Di Cristina – Benfratelli'', Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Obstetrics and Gynecological Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, ItalyGynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyUnit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS ''Civico – Di Cristina – Benfratelli'', Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyGynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Unit Institute, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in ''Translational Medicine and Oncology'', Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, ItalyObjective: This study aims to analyze the available data on prevention and early diagnosis in gynecological cancers. Mechanism: A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Findings in Brief: To date the prevention programmes of all degrees exist exclusively for cervical cancer. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination prevents from infection and development of precancerous lesions and contributes significantly to the deflection of the incidence of cervical cancer. Screening for HPV-related lesions is worldwide performed by cervical smear (Pap-test) and HPV test. Finally, tertiary prevention is aimed at the treatment of previously diagnosticated lesions with the aid of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, to date the prevention programmes of other gynecological tumors have not reached a good performance; indeed, the primum movens that leads to the development of such neoplasms has not been identified yet. Actually, no screening programs for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer are available, however, it is recommended the adoption of a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet. Diagnostic biomarkers would be helpful for screening asymptomatic high-risk women, but histopatological examinations remain the gold standard for diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Similarly, there are no screening tests for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In recent years many steps forward have been made in this field and new perspectives have been presented, however, additional investigation is needed to optimize the duration and timing of treatment, examine its cost-effectiveness, and identify potential tumor or host biologic factors predictive of the efficacy and adverse events. Finally, there are no primary and secondary prevention for vulvar cancer so patients should be invited to self-examination and pay attention to the presence of symptoms. Conclusions: Are the available screening programs for the diagnosis of gynecological carcinomas sufficient? The prevention and the diagnosis of precancerous lesions is the goal to be achieved for all gynecological cancers in order to improve patient outcomes, reduce the costs for managing the disease and prolonged follow up.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/8/10.31083/j.ceog5008160gynecologic oncologycancer preventiongynecological cancershpv vaccinationscreening programs |
| spellingShingle | Tullio Golia D'Augè Andrea Giannini Giorgio Bogani Camilla Di Dio Antonio Simone Laganà Violante Di Donato Maria Giovanna Salerno Donatella Caserta Vito Chiantera Enrico Vizza Ludovico Muzii Ottavia D’Oria Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology gynecologic oncology cancer prevention gynecological cancers hpv vaccination screening programs |
| title | Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Prevention, Screening, Treatment and Follow-Up of Gynecological Cancers: State of Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | prevention screening treatment and follow up of gynecological cancers state of art and future perspectives |
| topic | gynecologic oncology cancer prevention gynecological cancers hpv vaccination screening programs |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/50/8/10.31083/j.ceog5008160 |
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