Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability

Variability in the effect of subcutaneously administered insulin represents a major challenge in insulin therapy where precise dosing is required in order to achieve targeted glucose levels. Since this variability is largely influenced by the absorption of insulin, a deeper understanding of the fact...

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Main Authors: A. K. J. Gradel, T. Porsgaard, J. Lykkesfeldt, T. Seested, S. Gram-Nielsen, N. R. Kristensen, H. H. F. Refsgaard
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1205121
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author A. K. J. Gradel
T. Porsgaard
J. Lykkesfeldt
T. Seested
S. Gram-Nielsen
N. R. Kristensen
H. H. F. Refsgaard
author_facet A. K. J. Gradel
T. Porsgaard
J. Lykkesfeldt
T. Seested
S. Gram-Nielsen
N. R. Kristensen
H. H. F. Refsgaard
author_sort A. K. J. Gradel
collection DOAJ
description Variability in the effect of subcutaneously administered insulin represents a major challenge in insulin therapy where precise dosing is required in order to achieve targeted glucose levels. Since this variability is largely influenced by the absorption of insulin, a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous tissue is necessary in order to improve glycaemic control and the long-term prognosis in people with diabetes. These factors can be related to either the insulin preparation, the injection site/patient, or the injection technique. This review highlights the factors affecting insulin absorption with special attention on the physiological factors at the injection site. In addition, it also provides a detailed description of the insulin absorption process and the various modifications to this process that have been utilized by the different insulin preparations available.
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publishDate 2018-01-01
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series Journal of Diabetes Research
spelling doaj-art-4b3ddd28a2644d52a239707a414fd1732025-08-20T03:36:27ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532018-01-01201810.1155/2018/12051211205121Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on VariabilityA. K. J. Gradel0T. Porsgaard1J. Lykkesfeldt2T. Seested3S. Gram-Nielsen4N. R. Kristensen5H. H. F. Refsgaard6Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkInsulin Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, DenmarkDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Histology and Imaging, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, DenmarkInsulin Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, DenmarkQuantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 108, 2860 Søborg, DenmarkInsulin Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, DenmarkVariability in the effect of subcutaneously administered insulin represents a major challenge in insulin therapy where precise dosing is required in order to achieve targeted glucose levels. Since this variability is largely influenced by the absorption of insulin, a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous tissue is necessary in order to improve glycaemic control and the long-term prognosis in people with diabetes. These factors can be related to either the insulin preparation, the injection site/patient, or the injection technique. This review highlights the factors affecting insulin absorption with special attention on the physiological factors at the injection site. In addition, it also provides a detailed description of the insulin absorption process and the various modifications to this process that have been utilized by the different insulin preparations available.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1205121
spellingShingle A. K. J. Gradel
T. Porsgaard
J. Lykkesfeldt
T. Seested
S. Gram-Nielsen
N. R. Kristensen
H. H. F. Refsgaard
Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
Journal of Diabetes Research
title Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
title_full Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
title_fullStr Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
title_full_unstemmed Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
title_short Factors Affecting the Absorption of Subcutaneously Administered Insulin: Effect on Variability
title_sort factors affecting the absorption of subcutaneously administered insulin effect on variability
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1205121
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