First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that affects both commercial and free-ranging birds. To date, only two complete REV genome sequences have been identified in chickens from South America, with no records in other avian species. This study reports the first complete genome...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Ruy D. Chacón Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa Henrique Lage Hagemann Maristela Furlan Rocha Larissa Fernandes Magalhães Tânia Freitas Raso Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira |
| author_facet | Ruy D. Chacón Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa Henrique Lage Hagemann Maristela Furlan Rocha Larissa Fernandes Magalhães Tânia Freitas Raso Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira |
| author_sort | Ruy D. Chacón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that affects both commercial and free-ranging birds. To date, only two complete REV genome sequences have been identified in chickens from South America, with no records in other avian species. This study reports the first complete genome of REV detected in a mallard duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos domesticus</i>) in South America. In 2021, a mallard duck in Brazil died from severe lymphoproliferative disease affecting multiple organs. Molecular detection and histopathological analysis confirmed REV as the causative agent. Using dideoxy sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the virus was classified as subtype 3 (REV-3). The phylogenetic analysis identified three clades, each with a bootstrap value of 100, corresponding to the three REV subtypes. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis revealed two distinct REV-3 subclusters—‘East’ (38 strains) and ‘West’ (24 strains)—with notable geographical associations. Additionally, 27 genomes in chimeric states with fowlpox virus (FWPV) were distributed across the phylogenetic tree, emphasizing the critical role of FWPV in the dissemination of REV. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence of positive selection acting on several codons within the <i>gag</i>, <i>pol</i>, and <i>env</i> genes, particularly in domains such as matrix, p18, reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H, and surface. These findings provide valuable insights into REV evolution and underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for detecting REV circulation in diverse hosts. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b33963a37504686ae2ef15581b96d0a2025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-02-0114218910.3390/pathogens14020189First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary AnalysisRuy D. Chacón0Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira1Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa2Henrique Lage Hagemann3Maristela Furlan Rocha4Larissa Fernandes Magalhães5Tânia Freitas Raso6Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira7Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilDepartment of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilLaboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruDepartment of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilClínica de Aves, Rua Voluntario Mario Mazini, 1697, São Paulo 14405-094, BrazilClínica de Aves, Rua Voluntario Mario Mazini, 1697, São Paulo 14405-094, BrazilDepartment of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilDepartment of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilReticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that affects both commercial and free-ranging birds. To date, only two complete REV genome sequences have been identified in chickens from South America, with no records in other avian species. This study reports the first complete genome of REV detected in a mallard duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos domesticus</i>) in South America. In 2021, a mallard duck in Brazil died from severe lymphoproliferative disease affecting multiple organs. Molecular detection and histopathological analysis confirmed REV as the causative agent. Using dideoxy sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the virus was classified as subtype 3 (REV-3). The phylogenetic analysis identified three clades, each with a bootstrap value of 100, corresponding to the three REV subtypes. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis revealed two distinct REV-3 subclusters—‘East’ (38 strains) and ‘West’ (24 strains)—with notable geographical associations. Additionally, 27 genomes in chimeric states with fowlpox virus (FWPV) were distributed across the phylogenetic tree, emphasizing the critical role of FWPV in the dissemination of REV. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence of positive selection acting on several codons within the <i>gag</i>, <i>pol</i>, and <i>env</i> genes, particularly in domains such as matrix, p18, reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H, and surface. These findings provide valuable insights into REV evolution and underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for detecting REV circulation in diverse hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/189<i>Gammaretrovirus</i>reticuloendotheliosis virusgenomemallard duckmolecular characterizationphylogenetic tree |
| spellingShingle | Ruy D. Chacón Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa Henrique Lage Hagemann Maristela Furlan Rocha Larissa Fernandes Magalhães Tânia Freitas Raso Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis Pathogens <i>Gammaretrovirus</i> reticuloendotheliosis virus genome mallard duck molecular characterization phylogenetic tree |
| title | First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis |
| title_full | First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis |
| title_fullStr | First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis |
| title_short | First Complete Genome of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in a Mallard Duck from Brazil: Phylogenetic Insights and Evolutionary Analysis |
| title_sort | first complete genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus in a mallard duck from brazil phylogenetic insights and evolutionary analysis |
| topic | <i>Gammaretrovirus</i> reticuloendotheliosis virus genome mallard duck molecular characterization phylogenetic tree |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/189 |
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