The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states

Quantum state estimation is a fundamental task in quantum information theory, where one estimates real parameters continuously embedded in a family of quantum states. In the theory of quantum state estimation, the widely used Cramér Rao approach which considers local estimation gives the ultimate pr...

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Main Authors: Masahito Hayashi, Yingkai Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften 2025-07-01
Series:Quantum
Online Access:https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-07-22-1806/pdf/
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author Masahito Hayashi
Yingkai Ouyang
author_facet Masahito Hayashi
Yingkai Ouyang
author_sort Masahito Hayashi
collection DOAJ
description Quantum state estimation is a fundamental task in quantum information theory, where one estimates real parameters continuously embedded in a family of quantum states. In the theory of quantum state estimation, the widely used Cramér Rao approach which considers local estimation gives the ultimate precision bound of quantum state estimation in terms of the quantum Fisher information. However practical scenarios need not offer much prior information about the parameters to be estimated, and the local estimation setting need not apply. In general, it is unclear whether the Cramér-Rao approach is applicable for global estimation instead of local estimation. In this paper, we find situations where the Cramér-Rao approach does and does not work for quantum state estimation problems involving a family of bosonic states in a non-IID setting, where we only use one copy of the bosonic quantum state in the large number of bosons setting. Our result highlights the importance of caution when using the results of the Cramér-Rao approach to extrapolate to the global estimation setting.
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publisher Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften
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spelling doaj-art-4b32a42ff2fd4b5bb593e8291ffc7f002025-08-20T03:08:13ZengVerein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den QuantenwissenschaftenQuantum2521-327X2025-07-019180610.22331/q-2025-07-22-180610.22331/q-2025-07-22-1806The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic statesMasahito HayashiYingkai OuyangQuantum state estimation is a fundamental task in quantum information theory, where one estimates real parameters continuously embedded in a family of quantum states. In the theory of quantum state estimation, the widely used Cramér Rao approach which considers local estimation gives the ultimate precision bound of quantum state estimation in terms of the quantum Fisher information. However practical scenarios need not offer much prior information about the parameters to be estimated, and the local estimation setting need not apply. In general, it is unclear whether the Cramér-Rao approach is applicable for global estimation instead of local estimation. In this paper, we find situations where the Cramér-Rao approach does and does not work for quantum state estimation problems involving a family of bosonic states in a non-IID setting, where we only use one copy of the bosonic quantum state in the large number of bosons setting. Our result highlights the importance of caution when using the results of the Cramér-Rao approach to extrapolate to the global estimation setting.https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-07-22-1806/pdf/
spellingShingle Masahito Hayashi
Yingkai Ouyang
The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
Quantum
title The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
title_full The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
title_fullStr The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
title_full_unstemmed The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
title_short The Cramér-Rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
title_sort cramer rao approach and global quantum estimation of bosonic states
url https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-07-22-1806/pdf/
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