Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars

This work investigates the effects of substituting natural sand with excavated soil sand in the formulation of hydraulic mortar developed from a self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four excavated soil sand deposits were studied to assess their physicochemical properties. Subsequently, a reference mortar...

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Main Authors: Lara Saad, Mustapha Nouri, Mahfoud Tahlaiti, Abdelhafid Khelidj, Julien Fruchet, Prannoy Suraneni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/353
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author Lara Saad
Mustapha Nouri
Mahfoud Tahlaiti
Abdelhafid Khelidj
Julien Fruchet
Prannoy Suraneni
author_facet Lara Saad
Mustapha Nouri
Mahfoud Tahlaiti
Abdelhafid Khelidj
Julien Fruchet
Prannoy Suraneni
author_sort Lara Saad
collection DOAJ
description This work investigates the effects of substituting natural sand with excavated soil sand in the formulation of hydraulic mortar developed from a self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four excavated soil sand deposits were studied to assess their physicochemical properties. Subsequently, a reference mortar (RM) was designed using the concrete equivalent mortar method. Furthermore, the effect of incorporating 30% of excavation soil sand under different moisture conditions (natural storage conditions, dry and saturated surface dry state) on the properties of mortar is studied. Spreading tests were carried out to observe how the rheological properties evolve over time. The study includes compressive and flexural strength tests at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that some sands had densities similar to those of natural alluvial sand, while others had lower densities. Water absorption values varied considerably from one sand to another, with some showing values ranging from 1% to 6%, while other sands had values of up to 10%. The results of spreading tests indicate that mortar made with sand in a saturated dry-surface state is more fluid than mortar made with sand in a dry state. Under all conditions, all mortars lose their fluidity over time. The variation in compressive strength among all excavated soil sand mortars compared to the reference mortar remained below 10% at 2 and 28 days, except for one sand with a high clay content. The incorporation of excavated soil sand at this percentage as a substitute for river sand led to an enhancement in the flexural strength of the mortar, with improvements of 40% and 50% observed for certain types of excavated sand. The statistical study revealed a strong relationship between the properties of the sand (in particular, the fines content and their nature, as well as the sand skeleton) and its saturation state, the flowability and the compressive strength of the mortar.
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spelling doaj-art-4b30b2da61d7422c8c47d62a319bddd12025-08-20T02:12:24ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-01-0115335310.3390/buildings15030353Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic MortarsLara Saad0Mustapha Nouri1Mahfoud Tahlaiti2Abdelhafid Khelidj3Julien Fruchet4Prannoy Suraneni5Icam site de Nantes, 35 Av. du Champ de Manœuvres, 44470 Carquefou, FranceIcam site de Nantes, 35 Av. du Champ de Manœuvres, 44470 Carquefou, FranceIcam site de Nantes, 35 Av. du Champ de Manœuvres, 44470 Carquefou, FranceEcole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes Université, CNRS, GeM, UMR 6183, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, FranceGroupe LG, 85700 Sèvremont, FranceCivil and Architectural Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USAThis work investigates the effects of substituting natural sand with excavated soil sand in the formulation of hydraulic mortar developed from a self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four excavated soil sand deposits were studied to assess their physicochemical properties. Subsequently, a reference mortar (RM) was designed using the concrete equivalent mortar method. Furthermore, the effect of incorporating 30% of excavation soil sand under different moisture conditions (natural storage conditions, dry and saturated surface dry state) on the properties of mortar is studied. Spreading tests were carried out to observe how the rheological properties evolve over time. The study includes compressive and flexural strength tests at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that some sands had densities similar to those of natural alluvial sand, while others had lower densities. Water absorption values varied considerably from one sand to another, with some showing values ranging from 1% to 6%, while other sands had values of up to 10%. The results of spreading tests indicate that mortar made with sand in a saturated dry-surface state is more fluid than mortar made with sand in a dry state. Under all conditions, all mortars lose their fluidity over time. The variation in compressive strength among all excavated soil sand mortars compared to the reference mortar remained below 10% at 2 and 28 days, except for one sand with a high clay content. The incorporation of excavated soil sand at this percentage as a substitute for river sand led to an enhancement in the flexural strength of the mortar, with improvements of 40% and 50% observed for certain types of excavated sand. The statistical study revealed a strong relationship between the properties of the sand (in particular, the fines content and their nature, as well as the sand skeleton) and its saturation state, the flowability and the compressive strength of the mortar.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/353excavated soil sandsaggregate propertiesconcrete equivalent mortarspreadmortar’s mechanical properties
spellingShingle Lara Saad
Mustapha Nouri
Mahfoud Tahlaiti
Abdelhafid Khelidj
Julien Fruchet
Prannoy Suraneni
Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
Buildings
excavated soil sands
aggregate properties
concrete equivalent mortar
spread
mortar’s mechanical properties
title Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
title_full Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
title_fullStr Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
title_short Analysis of the Influence of Excavated Soil Sand Characteristics on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Mortars
title_sort analysis of the influence of excavated soil sand characteristics on the rheological and mechanical properties of hydraulic mortars
topic excavated soil sands
aggregate properties
concrete equivalent mortar
spread
mortar’s mechanical properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/353
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AT mahfoudtahlaiti analysisoftheinfluenceofexcavatedsoilsandcharacteristicsontherheologicalandmechanicalpropertiesofhydraulicmortars
AT abdelhafidkhelidj analysisoftheinfluenceofexcavatedsoilsandcharacteristicsontherheologicalandmechanicalpropertiesofhydraulicmortars
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