Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile
Lipid peroxidation is a major process that determines the quality of various oil samples during their use and storage, in which the primary products are hydroperoxides (HP’<sub>S</sub>). HP’<sub>S</sub> are very stable compounds at ambient conditions and are harmful to human...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Vanina Ivanova Mariya Pimpilova Maria Stoyanova Nina Dimcheva |
| author_facet | Vanina Ivanova Mariya Pimpilova Maria Stoyanova Nina Dimcheva |
| author_sort | Vanina Ivanova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipid peroxidation is a major process that determines the quality of various oil samples during their use and storage, in which the primary products are hydroperoxides (HP’<sub>S</sub>). HP’<sub>S</sub> are very stable compounds at ambient conditions and are harmful to human health. Therefore, the evaluation of the degree of oil oxidation is an excellent tool for ensuring food safety. The peroxide value (PV) is the main parameter used for quality control in oils. Herein, we propose an alternative electrochemical method to the classical iodometric titration method most widely used for determining the PV. Our approach is based on the electrochemical quantification of hydroperoxides/peroxides in an organic solvent medium (acetonitrile and organic ammonium salt) using a composite electrocatalyst–glassy carbon electrode modified with 2D-nanomaterial graphitic carbon nitride doped with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Calibration was made by the method of standard addition using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a model peroxide compound, dissolved in chloroform and added to fresh Rivana-branded anti-cellulite oil, used as a model oil sample. Calibration plots showed a linear response and the very good reproducibility of the analytical result (R<sup>2</sup> ˃ 0.99). Further, in terms of accuracy, the method showed good results, since the BPO quantitative analysis was close to the theoretical response. In addition, the accuracy of the electrochemical method was compared with that of the standard iodometric titration method for determining the PV of vegetable fats (according to a standard method). Finally, using the electrochemical method, the concentration of peroxides was determined in a real sample—an anti-cellulite oil of the trademark Rivana with an expired shelf life. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b30733993794e30a62e03954bc74e0b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b30733993794e30a62e03954bc74e0b2025-01-24T13:43:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130237410.3390/molecules30020374Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in AcetonitrileVanina Ivanova0Mariya Pimpilova1Maria Stoyanova2Nina Dimcheva3Department of Physical Chemistry, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24, Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaLaboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24, Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24, Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaLipid peroxidation is a major process that determines the quality of various oil samples during their use and storage, in which the primary products are hydroperoxides (HP’<sub>S</sub>). HP’<sub>S</sub> are very stable compounds at ambient conditions and are harmful to human health. Therefore, the evaluation of the degree of oil oxidation is an excellent tool for ensuring food safety. The peroxide value (PV) is the main parameter used for quality control in oils. Herein, we propose an alternative electrochemical method to the classical iodometric titration method most widely used for determining the PV. Our approach is based on the electrochemical quantification of hydroperoxides/peroxides in an organic solvent medium (acetonitrile and organic ammonium salt) using a composite electrocatalyst–glassy carbon electrode modified with 2D-nanomaterial graphitic carbon nitride doped with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Calibration was made by the method of standard addition using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a model peroxide compound, dissolved in chloroform and added to fresh Rivana-branded anti-cellulite oil, used as a model oil sample. Calibration plots showed a linear response and the very good reproducibility of the analytical result (R<sup>2</sup> ˃ 0.99). Further, in terms of accuracy, the method showed good results, since the BPO quantitative analysis was close to the theoretical response. In addition, the accuracy of the electrochemical method was compared with that of the standard iodometric titration method for determining the PV of vegetable fats (according to a standard method). Finally, using the electrochemical method, the concentration of peroxides was determined in a real sample—an anti-cellulite oil of the trademark Rivana with an expired shelf life.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/374composite catalyst2D nanomaterialnon-aqueous electroanalysisorganic hydroperoxidesperoxide value (PV) |
| spellingShingle | Vanina Ivanova Mariya Pimpilova Maria Stoyanova Nina Dimcheva Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile Molecules composite catalyst 2D nanomaterial non-aqueous electroanalysis organic hydroperoxides peroxide value (PV) |
| title | Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile |
| title_full | Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile |
| title_short | Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Organic Peroxides Directly in Acetonitrile |
| title_sort | electrochemical method for the assay of organic peroxides directly in acetonitrile |
| topic | composite catalyst 2D nanomaterial non-aqueous electroanalysis organic hydroperoxides peroxide value (PV) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/374 |
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