Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018
Abstract Background The Cardiac Metabolic Index (CMI) is a comprehensive metabolic indicator, but studies on its relationship with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) are limited. We aim to explore the association between CMI and DKD. Methods We obtained participant-related data from the National Health a...
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2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00826-1 |
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| author | Lu Zhang Cuiying Liang Zhaoqi Yan Qingzhen Li |
| author_facet | Lu Zhang Cuiying Liang Zhaoqi Yan Qingzhen Li |
| author_sort | Lu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Cardiac Metabolic Index (CMI) is a comprehensive metabolic indicator, but studies on its relationship with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) are limited. We aim to explore the association between CMI and DKD. Methods We obtained participant-related data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including complete information on DKD, CMI, and other covariates. We employed weighted multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests to explore the relationship between CMI and DKD. Additionally, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the performance of CMI in identifying DKD relative to a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) indices. Results According to the logistic regression analysis, a positive correlation between CMI and DKD was observed among the 2371 participants included in the study (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.66). RCS analysis indicated that this relationship is nonlinear. When CMI was converted from a continuous variable to quartiles, the prevalence of DKD in the highest quartile group showed a significant 84% increase compared to the lowest quartile group (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24–2.72). The area under the ROC curve of CMI for identifying DKD was 0.67, outperforming other indices. The results of subgroup analyses and interaction tests were stable. Conclusion Elevated CMI is associated with an increased risk of DKD and can serve as a low-cost screening tool, allowing physicians to potentially identify high-risk diabetic patients early and implement timely interventions to slow the progression of DKD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b28ce6fb2134c4ebd9b3eb9319ff0fa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-1315 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b28ce6fb2134c4ebd9b3eb9319ff0fa2025-08-20T03:07:43ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-04-014411910.1186/s41043-025-00826-1Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018Lu Zhang0Cuiying Liang1Zhaoqi Yan2Qingzhen Li3School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineFaculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineAbstract Background The Cardiac Metabolic Index (CMI) is a comprehensive metabolic indicator, but studies on its relationship with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) are limited. We aim to explore the association between CMI and DKD. Methods We obtained participant-related data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including complete information on DKD, CMI, and other covariates. We employed weighted multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests to explore the relationship between CMI and DKD. Additionally, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the performance of CMI in identifying DKD relative to a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) indices. Results According to the logistic regression analysis, a positive correlation between CMI and DKD was observed among the 2371 participants included in the study (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.66). RCS analysis indicated that this relationship is nonlinear. When CMI was converted from a continuous variable to quartiles, the prevalence of DKD in the highest quartile group showed a significant 84% increase compared to the lowest quartile group (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24–2.72). The area under the ROC curve of CMI for identifying DKD was 0.67, outperforming other indices. The results of subgroup analyses and interaction tests were stable. Conclusion Elevated CMI is associated with an increased risk of DKD and can serve as a low-cost screening tool, allowing physicians to potentially identify high-risk diabetic patients early and implement timely interventions to slow the progression of DKD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00826-1Cardiac metabolic indexType 2 diabetes mellitusDiabetic kidney diseaseCross-sectional studyRestricted cubic spline |
| spellingShingle | Lu Zhang Cuiying Liang Zhaoqi Yan Qingzhen Li Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Cardiac metabolic index Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic kidney disease Cross-sectional study Restricted cubic spline |
| title | Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 |
| title_full | Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 |
| title_fullStr | Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 |
| title_short | Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018 |
| title_sort | association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease a cross sectional study of nhanes 1999 2018 |
| topic | Cardiac metabolic index Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic kidney disease Cross-sectional study Restricted cubic spline |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00826-1 |
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